I-FAT32, NTFS, ne-exFAT amasistimu efayela amathathu ahlukene asetshenziswa ukugcina idatha kudivayisi yokugcina. Lezi zinhlelo zamafayela, ezidalwe yi-Microsoft, zinesethi yazo yezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Kufanele wazi umehluko phakathi kwabo njengoba lokhu kuzokusiza ekukhetheni uhlelo lwefayela olufanele lwezidingo ezahlukene.
I-F AT32, NTFS, ne-exFAT amasistimu amathathu wamafayela esivame ukuwasebenzisa ku-Windows, isitoreji se-Android, namanye amadivaysi amaningi. Kodwa, wake wacabanga ngomehluko phakathi kwe-FAT32, NTFS, exFAT kanye nokuthi iyini isistimu yefayela.
Uma sikhuluma ngeWindows, kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile uhlelo lokusebenza lufakwa esakhiweni esifomethwe ngohlelo lwefayela le-NTFS. Kumadrayivu e-flash akhiphekayo nezinye izinhlobo zokugcina ezisuselwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB, sisebenzisa i-FAT32. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-flash drives nama-memory card nawo angafomethwa ngohlelo lwefayela le-exFAT, okuphuma kusistimu yefayela ye-FAT32 endala.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sihlole izihloko ezifana ne-exFAT, NTFS, nokunye, ake sikutshele okuyisisekelo mayelana nalezi zinhlelo zamafayela. Ungathola isiqhathaniso ekugcineni.
Iyini isistimu yefayela?
Isistimu yefayela isethi yemithetho esetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi idatha igcinwa kanjani Futhi ukuzuza ku idivayisi yokugcina , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-hard drive, i-flash drive, noma enye into. Ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa indlela evamile yokugcina idatha emahhovisi ethu kumafayela ahlukene namasistimu efayela asetshenziswa ekwenzeni ikhompuyutha.
Isethi ethile yedatha igcinwa ebizwa ngokuthi “ifayelaEndaweni ethile kudivayisi yokugcina. Uma isistimu yefayela ixoshwa emhlabeni wekhompyutha, esisele nakho ingxenye enkulu yedatha engabonakali kumidiya yethu yokugcina.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zefayela ezitholakalayo zokukhethwa okuhlukile kokugcinwa okufana nesistimu yefayela lediski, isistimu yefayela le-flash, isistimu yefayela le-tape, njll. Kodwa okwamanje, ngizozibekela umkhawulo ekusebenziseni amasistimu wefayela lediski ezintathu FAT32, NTFS, kanye ne-exFAT.
Ungakanani usayizi weyunithi yokwabiwa?
Elinye igama elishiwo kakhulu ngenkathi kuxoxwa ngezinhlelo zamafayela ahlukene usayizi weyunithi yokwabiwa (obizwa nangokuthi usayizi webhulokhi). Ngokuyisisekelo Isikhala esincane kakhulu ifayela elingasithatha ku-partition . Ngenkathi ufometha noma iyiphi idrayivu, usayizi weyunithi yokwabiwa uvame ukusethwa kusilungiselelo esizenzakalelayo. Nokho, isukela 4096 ukuze 2048 ayizinkulungwane. Asho ukuthini la manani? Ngesikhathi sokufometha, uma ukuhlukaniswa kudalwe ngeyunithi yokwabiwa kwe-4096, amafayela azogcinwa kumasegimenti angu-4096.
Luyini uhlelo lwefayela le-FAT32?
isifinyezo se Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela , okuwuhlelo lwamafayela oludala kakhulu nolwaziwa kakhulu emlandweni wekhompyutha. Indaba yaqala ngo-1977 ngohlelo lokuqala lwefayela le-8-bit FAT okwakuhloswe ngalo ukuthi libe yisibonelo se-Microsoft. I-Standalone Disk Basic-80 Ikhishelwe i-Intel 7200-based NCR 8080 ngo-1977/1978 - indawo yokufaka idatha enama-floppy disks angu-8-intshi. Ifakwe ikhodi nguMark MacDonald, isisebenzi sokuqala esikhokhelwayo seMicrosoft, ngemuva kwezingxoxo nomsunguli we-Microsoft uBill Gates.
Isistimu yefayela ye-FAT, noma i-FAT Structure, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaphambili, yaphinde yasetshenziswa ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Microsoft 8080/Z80 olusekelwe ku-MDOS/MIDAS olubhalwe ngu-Mark MacDonald.
I-FAT32: Imingcele Nokuhambisana
Eminyakeni eyalandela, isistimu yefayela ye-FAT yathuthukela ku-FAT12, FAT16 futhi ekugcineni i-FAT32 eyayifana nohlelo lwefayela yamagama lapho kufanele sibhekane nemidiya yesitoreji sangaphandle njengamadrayivu akhiphekayo.
I-FAT32 ikhipha usayizi olinganiselwe onikezwe uhlelo lwefayela le-FAT16. Futhi I-32-bit File Allocation Table yakhululwa ngo-August 1995 , Ngokuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows 95. I-FAT32 ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine Amafayela anosayizi ongafika ku-4GB و Usayizi omkhulu wediski ungafinyelela ku-16TB .
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwamafayela anamafutha alukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima noma ukugcina amafayela amakhulu, yingakho iWindows yesimanje isebenzisa isistimu yefayela entsha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-NTFS, futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngosayizi wefayela nosayizi wediski. umngcele.
Cishe zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows, Mac kanye ne-Linux ziyahambisana nohlelo lwefayela le-FAT32.
Ungakhetha nini i-FAT32?
Isistimu yefayela ye-FAT32 ilungele izinto zokugcina ezifana nama-flash drive kodwa kuzodingeka uqiniseke ukuthi alikho ifayela elilodwa elikhulu kuno-4 GB. Isetshenziswe kabanzi ngaphandle kwamakhompyutha, njengama-consoles wegeyimu, ama-HDTV, ama-DVD nama-Blu-Ray abadlali, kanye nanoma iyiphi idivayisi enembobo ye-USB.
Iyini isistimu yefayela ye-NTFS?
Olunye uhlelo lwefayela lobunikazi be-Microsoft olubizwa nge-NTFS (ubuchwepheshe obusha besistimu yefayela) Kwaqedwa Yethulwe ngo-1993 Ngesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows NT 3.1 yaba khona.
Isistimu yefayela ye-NTFS inikeza imikhawulo kasayizi wefayela ongaqediwe. Kuze kube manje, ngeke sikwazi ngisho nokufika ndawana thize eduze nomngcele. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwefayela le-NTFS kwaqala maphakathi nawo-XNUMX njengomphumela wokuhlangana phakathi kweMicrosoft ne-IBM ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo olusha lokusebenza olunokusebenza okungcono kwezithombe.
Kodwa-ke, ubungane babo abuhlali isikhathi eside futhi bobabili bahlukana, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukisa inguqulo yabo yesistimu entsha yefayela. Ngo-1989, i-IBM yenza i-HPFS eyayisetshenziswa ku-OS/2 ngenkathi ukubambisana kusaqhubeka. I-Microsoft ikhiphe i-NTFS v1.0 nge-Windows NT 3.1 ngo-1993.
I-NTFS: Imikhawulo kanye nezici
Inikeza uhlelo lwefayela le-NTFS Usayizi wefayela oyitiyori ungu-16 EB – 1 KB ، futhi yena 18،446،744،073،709،550،592 بايت . Nokho, amafayela akho awamakhulu kangako, ngicabanga. Ithimba layo lokuthuthukisa lalihlanganisa uTom Miller, uGary Kimura, uBrian Andrew, noDavid Goble.
I-NTFS v3.1 yethulwa nge-Microsoft Windows XP futhi ayikashintshi kangako kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba izengezo eziningi zengeziwe njengokuncipha kokuhlukanisa, ukuziphilisa, kanye nezixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso ze-NTFS. Futhi, umthamo osetshenzisiwe wesistimu yefayela le-NTFS ungama-256 TB kuphela ukusuka ku-16 TB-1 KB oqaliswe ngokwethulwa kweWindows 8.
Ezinye izici eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa amaphuzu okuphindaphinda, ukusekelwa kwefayela elincane, izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwediski, ukulandelela isixhumanisi esabalalisiwe, nokubethela kwezinga lefayela. Isistimu yefayela ye-NTFS isekela ukuhambisana okubuyela emuva.
Kuwuhlelo lwefayela lejenali olufakazela ukuthi luyingxenye ebalulekile uma kuziwa ekuvuseleleni isistimu yefayela eyonakele. Igcina ijenali, isakhiwo sedatha esilandelela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingaba khona ohlelweni lwefayela futhi isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela isistimu yefayela.
Isistimu yefayela ye-NTFS isekelwa iWindows XP nakamuva. I-Mac OSX ye-Apple inikeza ukusekelwa kokufunda kuphela kwedrayivu efomethwe yi-NTFS, futhi okuhlukile kweLinux okumbalwa kuyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lokubhala lwe-NTFS.
Ungaba nentshisekelo yokufunda mayelana: Yiziphi izinhlelo zefayela, izinhlobo zazo kanye nezici?
Sithemba ukuthi uzothola lesi sihloko siwusizo kuwe ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ezintathu zamafayela FAT32 vs NTFS vs exFAT, wabelane ngombono wakho kumazwana.
