Ubulokhu usebenzisa i-imeyili, kodwa uyazi ukuthi isho ukuthini yonke leyo imeyili? Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola i-imeyili.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-imeyili yebhizinisi, isevisi yewebhu njenge-Gmail noma i-Outlook.com, noma iseva yakho ye-imeyili, kuningi ekutholeni i-imeyili kunalokho okungase kubonakale ngaphandle. Uma usethe iklayenti le-imeyili, ngakho-ke ngokungangabazeki uhlangabezane nezinketho ezifana ne-POP3, i-IMAP, ne-Exchange. Sizobheka umehluko phakathi kwamaklayenti e-imeyili nawe-webmail kanye namaphrothokholi ahlukene asetshenziswayo.
Abasebenzisi be-imeyili ngokumelene ne-webmail
Ngaphambi kokuthi sichaze izimiso eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ukulanda ama-imeyili, ake sithathe imizuzu embalwa ukuqonda izinto ezilula Amaklayenti e-imeyili و E-mail . Uma uke waqala i-Gmail, Outlook.com, noma enye i-akhawunti ye-imeyili eku-inthanethi, usebenzise i-webmail. Uma usebenzisa uhlelo olufana ne-Microsoft Outlook, Windows Live Mail, noma i-Mozilla Thunderbird ukuphatha imilayezo ye-imeyili, usebenzisa iklayenti le-imeyili.
Kokubili amaklayenti ewebhu kanye nama-imeyili athumela futhi amukele i-imeyili, futhi asebenzise izindlela ezifanayo ukwenza kanjalo. I-Webmail uhlelo lokusebenza olubhalelwe ukusebenza ku-inthanethi ngesiphequluli - ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandiwe noma isofthiwe eyengeziwe edingekayo. Wonke umsebenzi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, wenziwa amakhompyutha akude (okungukuthi, amaseva namadivayisi oxhuma kuwo nge-inthanethi).
Izinhlelo ze-imeyili ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ozifaka kumadivayisi asendaweni (afana ne-PC noma ikhompyutha ephathekayo, ithebhulethi, noma i-smartphone). Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeklayenti zisebenzisana neziphakeli ze-imeyili ezikude ukulanda i-imeyili futhi ziyithumele kubani ezingamkhathaza. Omunye umsebenzi wangemuva wokuthumela i-imeyili nawo wonke umsebenzi ongaphambili wokudala i-UI (okufunayo ukuze uthole i-imeyili yakho) wenziwa kudivayisi yakho usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olufakiwe, kunesiphequluli sakho esineziyalezo ezivela kuseva. Nokho, abahlinzeki abaningi be-webmail bavumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise amaklayenti e-imeyili ngesevisi yabo—yilapho kungaqala khona ukudida. Ake sidlule ngesibonelo esisheshayo ukuchaza umehluko.
Ake sithi ubhalisela ikheli le-imeyili elisha nge-Google Gmail. Uqala ukuthumela nokwamukela i-imeyili ngesevisi ye-webmail ngokuxhuma kuyo esipheqululini sakho. I-Google ikunikeza izinto ezimbili. Eyokuqala ingaphambili lewebhu lapho ungafunda khona, uhlele, futhi ubhale imilayezo. Okwesibili ukuphela kweseva yemeyili lapho imilayezo iqhubeka khona ukugcinwa nokuhanjiswa.
Manje, ake sithi awukuthandi ukusebenzelana kwe-Gmail ye-Google, ngakho-ke unqume ukushintshela kuklayenti le-imeyili elisekela i-Gmail — kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isixhumanisi esisemthethweni se-Gmail noma into efana nohlelo lokusebenza olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lwe-imeyili kudivayisi yakho. Manje, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa iklayenti elisekelwe kuwebhu (isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu ye-Gmail) ukuze uhlanganyele neziphakeli ze-Gmail ze-Google, uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisayo lusebenzisana neziphakeli zemeyili ngokuqondile, lugwema i-webmail ngokuphelele.
Bonke abahlinzeki be-webmail banikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa amawebhusayithi abo ukwenza ibhizinisi lakho noma ukuxhuma iklayenti kumaseva abo futhi benze izinto ngale ndlela.
Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-imeyili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elokuxhuma kuseva yomhlinzeki wakho we-webmail, iseva yakho yemeyili, noma iziphakeli zenkampani yakho, lelo klayenti lizoxhumana lisebenzisa enye yamaphrothokholi e-imeyili amaningana afana ne-POP3, i-IMAP, noma i-Exchange. Ngakho, ake sibhekisise lezo.
I-POP3
I-Post Office Protocol (POP) inikeza indlela yokuxhumana neziphakeli zemeyili ezibuyela ku-inthanethi ehluke kakhulu kulokho esikusebenzisa namuhla. Amakhompyutha athambekele ekungakwazini ukufinyelela i-inthanethi unomphela. Kunalokho, ungena ku-inthanethi, wenze okufanele ukwenze, bese uyanqanyulwa. Lokhu kuxhumana nakho bekunomkhawulokudonsa ophansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu esinakho namuhla.
Onjiniyela badale i-POP njengendlela efile elula yokulanda amakhophi ama-imeyili ukuze awafunde ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Inguqulo yokuqala ye-POP yadalwa ngo-1984, ngokubuyekezwa kwe-POP2 okudalwe ekuqaleni kuka-1985. I-POP3 iyinguqulo yamanje yalesi sitayela sephrothokholi ye-imeyili, futhi isengenye yezivumelwano ze-imeyili ezidume kakhulu. I-POP4 ihlongozwa, futhi ingase ithuthukiswe ngolunye usuku, nakuba kungekho nqubekelaphambili etheni esele yenziwe iminyaka embalwa.
I-POP3 isebenza into efana nale. Uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luxhumeka kuseva ye-imeyli, ludawunilode yonke imilayezo ekhompyutheni yakho engazange ilandwe ngaphambilini, bese lususa ama-imeyili asekuqaleni esiphakelini. Okunye, ungamisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza neseva ukuthi ingasusi ama-imeyili ngesikhathi esimisiwe, noma ungawasusi nhlobo ama-imeyili kuseva — ngisho noma alandwe iklayenti lakho.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ama-imeyili asusiwe kuseva, amakhophi ale miyalezo kuphela akuklayenti lakho. Awukwazi ukungena kusukela kwenye idivayisi noma iklayenti futhi ubone lawa ma-imeyili.
Ngisho noma usetha iseva yakho ukuthi ingasusi imilayezo ngemva kokuyilanda, izinto zisaxaka lapho uhlola i-imeyili evela kumadivayisi amaningi. Nazi izibonelo:
- Uma uthumela i-imeyili, i-imeyili ethunyelwe igcinwa kuklayenti oyithumele kulo. Ngeke ukwazi ukubona imilayezo yakho ethunyelwe kwamanye amadivaysi.
- Uma ususa i-imeyili kuklayenti, isuswa kulelo klayenti kuphela. Ayisuswa kwamanye amaklayenti alande umlayezo.
- Iklayenti ngalinye lilanda yonke imilayezo kuseva. Uzogcina unamakhophi amaningi emilayezo kumadivayisi ahlukene, ingenayo indlela enhle yokuhlukanisa lokho okufundile nokuthi nini. Okungenani, hhayi ngaphandle kokudlulisa i-imeyili okuningi noma ukuhambahamba phakathi kwamafayela ebhokisi lemeyili.
Nakuba le mikhawulo ibalulekile, i-POP3 iseyiphrothokholi esheshayo futhi enamandla ewusizo ikakhulukazi uma uhlola i-imeyili evela kudivayisi eyodwa kuphela. Isibonelo, uma ubheka imeyili kuphela ekhompyutheni yakho usebenzisa i-Windows Live Mail, asikho isizathu sokungayisebenzisi i-POP3.
Ukufinyelela kwe-IMAP
I-Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP) yadalwa ngo-1986, kodwa ingena kahle emhlabeni wanamuhla wokuba khona kwe-inthanethi okuhlala kukhona futhi okuhlala kuxhumekile. Umqondo we-IMAP wawuwukuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlotshaniswe neklayenti le-imeyili elilodwa, libanike amandla okufunda ama-imeyili abo njengokungathi 'basefwini'.
Ngokungafani ne-POP3, i-IMAP igcina yonke imilayezo kuseva. Uma uxhumeke kuseva ye-IMAP, uhlelo lokusebenza lweklayenti likuvumela ukuthi ufunde lawo ma-imeyili (futhi ulande ngisho namakhophi ukuze uwafunde ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi), kodwa wonke umsebenzi wangempela wenzeka kuseva. Uma ususa umlayezo kwiklayenti, lowo mlayezo uyasuswa kuseva, ukuze ungawuboni uma uxhuma kuseva usuka kwamanye amadivaysi. Imilayezo ethunyelwe nayo igcinwa kuseva, kanye nolwazi olumayelana nemiyalezo efundiwe.
Ekugcineni, i-IMAP iyiphrothokholi engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa uma uxhuma kuseva yakho yemeyili usuka kumadivayisi amaningi. Futhi ezweni lapho abantu sebejwayela ukuhlola imeyili kuma-PC, amafoni, namathebulethi, lokhu kuwumehluko obalulekile.
Kodwa i-IMAP ayinazo izinkinga zayo.
Njengoba i-IMAP igcina imilayezo ye-imeyili kuseva yemeyili ekude, uvamise ukuba nosayizi webhokisi leposi olinganiselwe (yize kuya ngezilungiselelo ezihlinzekwa yisevisi ye-imeyili). Uma unenani elikhulu lama-imeyili ofuna ukuwagcina, ungase ube nezinkinga zokuthumela nokwamukela i-imeyili uma ibhokisi lakho lokungenayo seligcwele. Abanye abasebenzisi bagwema le nkinga ngokwenza amakhophi wendawo, agcinwe kungobo yomlando wemilayezo ye-imeyili besebenzisa uhlelo lwabo lwe-imeyili, bese bewasusa kuseva ekude.
Microsoft Exchange, MAPI, Exchange ActiveSync
I-Microsoft iqale ukwenza i-Messaging API (MAPI) ngemuva nje kokuthi i-IMAP ne-POP ziqale ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi yakhelwe ngempela okungaphezu nje kwe-imeyili. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuqinile i-IMAP ne-POP ne-MAPI kuyinqubo yobuchwepheshe, futhi kungaphezu kwalesi sihloko.
Kodwa kalula nje, i-MAPI inikeza indlela yokuthi amaklayenti e-imeyili nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza axhumane namaseva e-Microsoft Exchange. I-MAPI iyakwazi ukuvumelanisa ama-imeyili, abathintwayo, amakhalenda, nezinye izici zesitayela se-IMAP, zonke ezixhunywe ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili zomdabu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma usebenzise i-Microsoft Outlook emsebenzini, usebenzise i-MAPI. Eqinisweni, zonke izinto ezenziwa yi-Outlook — ama-imeyili, ikhalenda yokuvumelanisa, ukucinga imininingwane yamahhala/ematasa, vumelanisa othintana nabo nenkampani, njll. — isebenza nge-MAPI.
Lokhu kusebenza kokuvumelanisa kuchazwa yiMicrosoft ngokuthi “Exchange ActiveSync.” Ngokuya ngedivayisi, ifoni, noma iklayenti olisebenzisayo, lobu buchwepheshe bungase bubizwe noma yiziphi izivumelwano ezintathu ze-Microsoft - i-Microsoft Exchange, i-MAPI, noma i-Exchange ActiveSync - kodwa inikeza ukuvumelanisa kwe-imeyili ngendlela efanayo ne-IMAP.
Njengoba i-Exchange kanye ne-MAPI kuyimikhiqizo ye-Microsoft, cishe uzosebenza kule phrothokholi kuphela uma usebenzisa i-imeyili ehlinzekwe inkampani esebenzisa amaseva e-Exchange mail. Amakhasimende amaningi e-imeyili, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizenzakalelayo zemeyili ye-Android ne-iPhone, ayakwazi ukwenza i-Exchange ActiveSync.
Amanye amaphrothokholi e-imeyili
Yebo ikhona Amanye amaphrothokholi okuthumela, ukwamukela, nokusebenzisa i-imeyili , kodwa iningi labantu lisebenzisa iphrothokholi eyodwa kwezintathu eziyinhloko - i-POP3, i-IMAP, noma i-Exchange. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buthathu cishe bungakwazi ukumboza izidingo cishe zabo bonke abafundi bethu, ngeke singene emininingwaneni mayelana namanye amaphrothokholi. Kodwa-ke, uma unolwazi ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ze-imeyili ezingabaliwe lapha, singaba nentshisekelo ukwazi - zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngazo emazwaneni.
Ngamafuphi: Yini engingayisebenzisa ukuze ngimise i-imeyili yami?
Kuya ngesitayela sakho somuntu siqu sokuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho we-imeyili, ungakwazi ukwehlisa ngokushesha indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-imeyili yakho.
- Uma usebenzisa ukuhlola i-imeyili yakho kusuka kumadivayisi amaningi, amafoni, noma amakhompyutha, sebenzisa isevisi ye-webmail noma usethe izinhlelo zakho ze-imeyili ukuze usebenzise i-IMAP.
- Uma uvamise ukusebenzisa i-webmail futhi ufuna ifoni yakho noma i-iPad ukuthi ivumelanise ne-webmail yakho, sebenzisa ne-IMAP.
- Uma usebenzisa iklayenti le-imeyili elilodwa kudivayisi eyodwa ezinikele (ake uthi, ehhovisi lakho), ungase uphile nge-POP3, kodwa sisancoma i-IMAP.
- Uma unomlando omkhulu we-imeyili futhi usebenzisa umnikezeli wemeyili omdala ongenaso isikhala esiningi sokushayela, ungase udinge ukusebenzisa i-POP3 ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa yisikhala kuseva ye-imeyili ekude.
- Uma usebenzisa i-imeyili yebhizinisi, futhi inkampani yakho isebenzisa iseva ye-Exchange, kuzodingeka usebenzise i-Exchange.
Kubafundi bethu asebezazi lezi zinto, zizwe ukhululekile ukujoyina ingxoxo! Sitshele ukuthi uzichazela kanjani izihlobo kanye nosebenza nabo abanezinselele zobuchwepheshe umehluko kuzilungiselelo ze-imeyili ezivamile. Okungcono nakakhulu, gcina lo mhlahlandlela useduze futhi uzisindise enkingeni yokuwuchaza!
