Emva kweminyaka yoqikelelo kunye namahemuhemu, isigebenga sobuchwephesha baseTshayina uHuawei watyhila ngokusesikweni iHarmony OS ngo-2019. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba imibuzo emininzi yaphakanyiswa kunokuba iphendulwe. Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Zeziphi iingxaki ozisombululayo? Ngaba sisiphumo sengxabano yangoku phakathi kweHuawei kunye norhulumente wase-US?
Ngaba iHarmony OS isekwe kwiLinux?
Hayi. Nangona zombini ziyimveliso yesoftware yasimahla (okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, iHuawei ithembise ukukhulula iHarmony OS ngelayisenisi yomthombo ovulekileyo), iHarmony OS yimveliso yayo yeprimiyamu. Ngaphaya koko, isebenzisa uyilo loyilo olwahlukileyo kwi-Linux, ikhetha uyilo lwe-microkernel ngaphezu kwe-monolithic kernel.
Kodwa linda. Microkernel? I-nucleus ene-homogeneous?
Masizame kwakhona. Embindini wayo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yikernel. Njengoko igama libonisa, i-kernel ilele entliziyweni yayo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza, isebenza ngokufanelekileyo njengesiseko. Baphatha unxibelelwano kunye ne-hardware ephantsi, babele izixhobo, kwaye banqume ukuba iinkqubo ziphunyezwa kwaye ziqhutywe njani.
Zonke iicores zinezi mfanelo zisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ziyahluka kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Masithethe ngenkumbulo. Iisistim zokusebenza zale mihla zizama ukwahlula usetyenziso lwabasebenzisi (ezifana ne-Steam okanye iGoogle Chrome) kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu zenkqubo yokusebenza. Yiba nomfanekiso welayini engangenekiyo eyahlula imemori esetyenziswa yinkqubo yomgangatho weenkonzo kwizicelo zakho. Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zoku: ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza.
IiMicrokernel, ezinjengezo zisetyenziswa yiHarmony OS, zicalula kakhulu malunga nokuba ziqhuba njani kwimowudi yekernel, ngokuyinyani ziyithintela kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ngokunyanisekileyo, i-kernel ye-homogeneous ayicalucaluli. I-Linux, umzekelo, ivumela izixhobo ezininzi zenqanaba lenkqubo yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ukuba ziqhube ngaphakathi kwesi sithuba sahlukileyo kwinkumbulo.
Ngexesha u-Linus Torvalds eqala ukusebenza kwi-Linux kernel, ii-microkernels zazisezininzi ezingaziwayo, kunye nosetyenziso oluncinci lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi. IiMicrokernel nazo zibonakalise ukuba nzima ukukala, kwaye zithande ukucotha.
Phantse kwiminyaka engama-30 kamva, izinto zatshintsha. Iikhompyutha ziyakhawuleza kwaye zitshiphu. IiMicrokernel zenze umtsi ukusuka kwiziko lemfundo ukuya kwimveliso.
I-XNU kernel, elele entliziyweni ye-macOS kunye ne-iOS, ithatha inkuthazo eninzi kuyilo lwangaphambili lwe-microkernel, i-Mach kernel ephuhliswe yiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon. Okwangoku, i-QNX, eyenza isiseko se-Blackberry 10 inkqubo yokusebenza, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ze-infotainment zesithuthi, isebenzisa i-microkernel design.
Konke malunga nokwandiswa
Ngenxa yokuba uyilo lweMicrokernel lulinganiselwe ngabom, kulula ukuyandisa. Ukongeza inkqubo entsha yenkonzo, enjengomqhubi wesixhobo, akufuni ukuba umphuhlisi atshintshe ngokwesiseko okanye aphazamise ikernel.
Oku kubonisa ukuba kutheni uHuawei ekhethe le ndlela kunye neHarmony OS. Nangona iHuawei mhlawumbi idume kakhulu ngeefowuni zayo, yinkampani ebandakanyekayo kumacandelo amaninzi entengiso yetekhnoloji yabathengi. Uluhlu lwayo lweemveliso lubandakanya izinto ezinje ngempahla yokunxiba, iirotha, kunye nomabonakude.
IHuawei yinkampani enamabhongo amangalisayo. Ukuthatha igqabi kwincwadi yembangi ye-Xiaomi, inkampani iqalile ukuthengisa iimveliso I-Intanethi yezinto ezivela Ngexesha le-subsidiary egxile kulutsha, imbeko, kubandakanya iibrashi zamazinyo ezikrelekrele kunye nezibane zedesika ezikrelekrele.
Kwaye ngelixa kungacacanga ukuba iHarmony OS iya kuqhuba kuyo yonke itekhnoloji yabathengi ekugqibeleni iyayithengisa, uHuawei unqwenela ukuba nenkqubo yokusebenza esebenza kwizixhobo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Inxalenye yesizathu kukuhambelana. Ukuba awuzihoyi iimfuno zehardware, nasiphi na isicelo esibhalelwe iHarmony OS kufuneka sisebenze kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esisisebenzisayo. Esi sisindululo esinomtsalane kubaphuhlisi. Kodwa kufuneka ibe neenzuzo kubathengi ngokunjalo. Njengoko uninzi lwezixhobo ziba nekhompyuter, iyavakala into yokuba ziya kukwazi ukusebenza ngokulula njengenxalenye ye-ecosystem ebanzi.
Kodwa kuthekani ngeefowuni?
Sele kusondele unyaka ukusukela oko iSebe likaNondyebo likaTrump libeke iHuawei kuLuhlu lwamaZiko, ngaloo ndlela ithintela iinkampani zase-US ekurhwebeni nenkampani. Nangona oku kuye kwabeka uxinzelelo kuwo onke amanqanaba eshishini likaHuawei, kuye kwakho intlungu ephawulekayo kwicandelo leefowuni zenkampani, ukuyithintela ekuqaliseni izixhobo ezitsha ngeGoogle Mobile Services (GMS) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Iinkonzo zeselfowuni zikaGoogle zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuyo yonke i-Android ecosystem, kubandakanya usetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla njengeMephu zikaGoogle kunye neGmail, kunye neGoogle Play Store. Ngeefowuni zamva nje zikaHuawei ezingakwazi ukufikelela kwii-apps ezininzi, abaninzi baye bazibuza ukuba isigebenga saseTshayina siza kuyishiya na i-Android, endaweni yoko sifudukele kwinkqubo yokusebenza yemveli.
Oku kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Ubuncinci kwixesha elifutshane.
Ukuqala, ubunkokeli beHuawei buphinde baphinda ukuzibophelela kwabo kwiqonga le-Android. Endaweni yoko, igxile ekuphuhliseni eyakhe enye indlela kwi-GMS ebizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zeHuawei Mobile (HMS).
Embindini wale nto yi-ecosystem yenkampani, iHuawei AppGallery. UHuawei uxela ukuba uchitha i-3000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuvala "isithuba se-app" kunye neVenkile yeGoogle Play kwaye ineenjineli zesoftware ezingama-XNUMX ezisebenza kuyo.
Inkqubo entsha yokusebenza ephathwayo kuya kufuneka iqale ukusuka ekuqaleni. IHuawei kuya kufuneka itsale abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhuphe okanye baphuhlise usetyenziso lwabo lweHarmony OS. Kwaye njengoko sifundile kwiWindows Mobile, iBlackBerry 10, kunye neTizen yeSamsung (kwaye ngaphambili iBada), ayisosiphakamiso silula eso.
Nangona kunjalo, iHuawei yenye yeenkampani zetekhnoloji ezixhotyiswe kakhulu kwihlabathi. Yiyo loo nto, bekungayi kuba bubulumko ukuvala ukubakho kwefowuni eqhuba iHarmony OS.
Yenziwe eTshayina ngo-2025
Kukho i-angle yezopolitiko enomdla yokuxoxa apha. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iChina isebenze njengomvelisi wehlabathi, ukuyila iimveliso zokwakha phesheya. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseTshayina kunye necandelo lakhe labucala lityale imali eninzi kuphando nakuphuhliso. Iimveliso eziyilwe ngamaTshayina ziya zisanda kufikelela kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya, zibonelela ngokhuphiswano olutsha lwe-Silicon Valley's tech elite.
Ngeli xesha, urhulumente waseBeijing unomnqweno awubiza ngokuba "Yenziwe eTshayina ngo-2025." Ngokufanelekileyo, ifuna ukuphelisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezithengwa kumazwe angaphandle, ezifana ne-semiconductors kunye neenqwelomoya, kwaye endaweni yazo kufakwe ezinye iindlela zasekhaya. Inkuthazo yoku ibangelwa kukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho nezopolitiko, kunye nodumo lwesizwe.
IHarmony OS ihambelana kakuhle neli bhongo. Ukuba iyahamba, iya kuba yinkqubo yokuqala yokusebenza eyimpumelelo yehlabathi ukuba iphume eChina - ngaphandle kwezo zisetyenziswa kwiimarike ze-niche, ezifana nezikhululo zesiseko seselula. Ezi ziqinisekiso zasekhaya ziya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba iMfazwe Yomlomo phakathi kweTshayina ne-United States iyaqhubeka nokugquba.
Ngenxa yoko, andiyi kumangaliswa kuba iHarmony OS inabaxhasi abanomdla kakhulu kurhulumente ophakathi, kunye nakwicandelo labucala laseTshayina elibanzi. Ngaba baxhasi abaya kuthi ekugqibeleni baqinisekise impumelelo yayo.
