Pambuyo pazakaganizidwe ndi mphekesera kwa zaka zambiri, chimphona cha China ku China chatsegula mwalamulo Harmony OS yake mu 2019. Ndipo ndichabwino kunena kuti mafunso ambiri afunsidwa kuposa kuyankhidwa. Momwe imagwirira ntchito? Mumathetsa mavuto ati? Kodi ndi zotsatira za mkangano womwe ulipo pakati pa Huawei ndi boma la US?
Kodi Harmony OS yatengera Linux?
Ayi. Ngakhale zonsezi ndi mapulogalamu aulere (kapena, molondola, Huawei adalonjeza kuti atulutsa Harmony OS ndi chiphaso chotseguka), Harmony OS ndiye chida chawo chodziyimira. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ena a Linux, posankha kapangidwe ka microkernel kuposa kernel ya monolithic.
Koma dikirani. Microkernel? monolithic kernel?
Tiyeni tiyesenso. Pamtima pa machitidwe aliwonse omwe amatchedwa kernel. Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, ngaleyo ili pamtima pa makina onse ogwira ntchito, ndipo imakhala maziko. Amagwira ntchito yolumikizana ndi zida zoyambira, amagawa zinthu, ndikufotokozera momwe mapulogalamu amayendetsedwera ndikuyendetsa.
Maso onse amakhala ndi maudindo oyambawa. Komabe, amasiyana momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Tiyeni tikambirane za kukumbukira. Makina amakono oyesera amayesa kulekanitsa ogwiritsa ntchito (monga Steam kapena Google Chrome) kuchokera kumagawo ovuta kwambiri pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Ingoganizirani mzere womwe sungagawanike womwe umagawaniza kukumbukira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina azomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Pali zifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri za izi: chitetezo ndi kukhazikika.
Ma Microkernels, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Harmony OS, amasankha kwambiri pazomwe zimayendera mtundu wa kernel, zomwe zimawalepheretsa pazoyambira.
Kunena zowona, maso amtundu umodzi samasankha. Mwachitsanzo, Linux, imalola zinthu zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito kuti ziziyenda bwino.
Pomwe Linus Torvalds adayamba kugwira ntchito pa Linux kernel, ma microkernels anali akadali osadziwika, okhala ndi malonda ochepa padziko lapansi. Ma Microkernels awonetseranso kuti ndi ovuta kukulitsa, ndipo amakonda kukhala pang'onopang'ono.
Patatha zaka pafupifupi 30, zinthu zasintha. Makompyuta ndi achangu komanso otchipa. Ma Microkernels adadumpha kuchokera ku academia ndikupanga.
XNU kernel, yomwe ili pamtima pa macOS ndi iOS, imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka ma Micro-cores am'mbuyomu, Mach kernel yopangidwa ndi Carnegie Mellon University. Pakadali pano, QNX, yomwe imalimbikitsa Blackberry 10 opareting'i sisitimu, komanso mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto infotainment, imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka microkernel.
Zonse ndizofutukula
Chifukwa zojambula za Microkernel ndizochepa, ndizosavuta kukulitsa. Kuphatikiza pulogalamu yatsopano, monga woyendetsa zida, sikutanthauza kuti wopanga mapulogalamuwa asinthe kapena kusokoneza kernel.
Izi zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake Huawei adasankha njirayi ndi Harmony OS. Ngakhale Huawei mwina amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mafoni ake, ndi kampani yomwe imagwira nawo gawo limodzi pamsika waluso wa ogula. Mndandanda wake wazinthu umaphatikizapo zinthu monga zida zolimbitsa thupi, ma routers, komanso ma TV.
Huawei ndi kampani yofuna kutchuka. Atatenga pepala m'buku la mnzake Xiaomi, kampaniyo idayamba kugulitsa mankhwala Intaneti ya zinthu kuchokera Kudzera mu nthambi yake yothandizira achinyamata, Lemekezani, kuphatikiza mabotolo anzeru ndi nyali zama desiki anzeru.
Ndipo ngakhale sizikudziwika ngati Harmony OS pamapeto pake izigwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uliwonse wogulitsa, Huawei akufuna kukhala ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito zida zambiri momwe angathere.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zake ndizogwirizana. Mukanyalanyaza zofunikira za hardware, pulogalamu iliyonse yolembedwera Harmony OS iyenera kugwira ntchito pachida chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda. Ili ndi lingaliro lokongola kwa opanga. Iyeneranso kukhala ndi phindu kwa ogula nawonso. Zipangizo zochulukirapo zikakhala pamakompyuta, ndizomveka kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ngati gawo lazachilengedwe.
Nanga bwanji za mafoni?
Patha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuchokera pomwe Treasury ya Treasury idayika Huawei pa "Entity List" yake, motero kuletsa makampani aku US kuchita malonda ndi kampaniyo. Ngakhale izi zakakamiza mabizinesi onse a Huawei, zakhala zopweteka kwambiri pakugawana kwa kampaniyo, kuletsa kuti isatulutse zida zatsopano ndi Google Mobile Services (GMS) yomangidwa.
Google Mobile Services ndiye gawo lonse la Google la ecosystem, kuphatikiza mapulogalamu wamba monga Google Maps ndi Gmail, komanso Google Play Store. Ndi mafoni aposachedwa a Huawei akusowa mwayi wopezeka ndi mapulogalamu ambiri, ambiri adzifunsa ngati chimphona chaku China chisiya Android, m'malo mwake asamukira ku makina oyendetsera dziko.
Izi zikuwoneka ngati zosatheka. Osachepera munthawi yochepa.
Pongoyambira, utsogoleri wa Huawei wanenanso kudzipereka kwawo papulatifomu ya Android. M'malo mwake, ikuyang'ana pakupanga njira zake zina ku GMS yotchedwa Huawei Mobile Services (HMS).
Pakatikati pa izi ndi pulogalamu yamakampani, Huawei AppGallery. Huawei akuti akuwononga $ 3000 biliyoni kutseka "pulogalamu yamapulogalamu" ndi Google Play Store ndipo ali ndi akatswiri a mapulogalamu a XNUMX omwe akugwirapo ntchito.
Njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito mafoni iyenera kuyambira pomwepo. Huawei adzafunika kukopa opanga kuti asunthire kapena apange mapulogalamu awo a Harmony OS. Ndipo monga taphunzirira kuchokera ku Windows Mobile, BlackBerry 10, ndi Samsung's Tizen (ndipo kale anali Bada), izi sizovuta.
Komabe, Huawei ndi imodzi mwamakampani opanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, sikungakhale kwanzeru kukana kuthekera kwa foni yomwe ikuyendetsa Harmony OS.
Chopangidwa ku China 2025
Pali mbali yandale yosangalatsa yokambirana pano. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, China yakhala ikupanga padziko lonse lapansi, zopangira zomangamanga zakunja. Koma mzaka zaposachedwa, boma la China ndi mabungwe ake aboma agulitsa ndalama zambiri pakufufuza ndi chitukuko. Zida zopangidwa ku China zikupita patsogolo kudera lonse, kupereka mpikisano watsopano kwa akatswiri apamwamba a Silicon Valley.
Pakati pa izi, boma la Beijing lili ndi chikhumbo chomwe amachitcha "Made in China 2025". Mwachangu, ikufuna kuthetsa kudalira kwawo pazinthu zopangidwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, monga semiconductors ndi ndege, ndikuzisintha ndi njira zina zapakhomo. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi zimachitika chifukwa chachuma komanso ndale, komanso kutchuka kwadziko.
Harmony OS ikugwirizana bwino ndi chikhumbo ichi. Ikachoka, idzakhala njira yoyamba yogwirira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kutuluka ku China - kupatula yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misika yamisika, monga malo oyambira ma cell. Zizindikiro zapakhomozi zitha kukhala zothandiza makamaka ngati Cold War pakati pa China ndi United States ipitilizabe kukwiya.
Zotsatira zake, sindingadabwe chifukwa a Harmony OS ali ndi othandizira ena aboma m'boma, komanso m'magulu wamba achi China. Ndipo ndi othandizira awa omwe pamapeto pake adzawona kupambana kwake.
