Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuqagela namahemuhemu, inkampani enkulu yezobuchwepheshe yaseChina uHuawei yethule ngokusemthethweni iHarmony OS yayo ngo-2019. Isebenza kanjani? Iziphi izinkinga ozixazulula? Ingabe kungumphumela wengxabano yamanje phakathi kukaHuawei nohulumeni wase-US?
Ngabe iHarmony OS isuselwa kuLinux?
Cha. Yize yomibili ingumkhiqizo wesoftware wamahhala (noma, ngokunemba kakhudlwana, uHuawei uthembise ukukhipha iHarmony OS enelayisense yomthombo ovulekile), iHarmony OS ingumkhiqizo wabo wokugqama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenzisa ukwakheka okwehlukile kweLinux, kukhetha ukwakheka kwe-microkernel ngaphezu kernel ye-monolithic.
Kepha linda. IMicrokernel? i-monolithic kernel?
Ake sizame futhi. Enhliziyweni yazo zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzayo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-kernel. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-kernel ilele enhliziyweni yazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza, isebenza ngempumelelo njengesisekelo. Baphatha ukusebenzisana ne-hardware eyisisekelo, babela izinsiza kusebenza, futhi bachaze ukuthi izinhlelo zenziwa futhi ziqhutshwe kanjani.
Zonke izinhlamvu zithwala le mithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko. Noma kunjalo, ziyehluka ngendlela abasebenza ngayo.
Ake sikhulume ngememori. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje zizama ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zomsebenzisi (njenge-Steam noma i-Google Chrome) ezingxenyeni ezibucayi kakhulu zohlelo lokusebenza. Cabanga ngolayini ongangeneki ohlukanisa imemori esetshenziswa ngamasevisi abanzi wohlelo kusuka kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile zalokhu: ukuphepha nokuzinza.
Ama-Microkernels, njengalawo asetshenziswa yiHarmony OS, ayabandlulula kakhulu mayelana nokuthi yini egijima kumodi ye-kernel, okuyiyona ebakhawulela ezintweni eziyisisekelo.
Ngokusobala, izinhlamvu ezihambisanayo azibandlululi. I-Linux, isibonelo, ivumela izinsiza eziningi ezisezingeni lesistimu yokusebenza nezinqubo ukuthi zisebenze ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala sememori esihlukile.
Ngesikhathi iLinus Torvalds iqala ukusebenza ku-Linux kernel, ama-microkernels ayesenenani elingaziwa, nokusetshenziswa okumbalwa komhlaba kwezentengiselwano. AmaMicrokernels nawo aveze ukuthi kunzima ukuwathuthukisa, futhi athambekele ekuhambeni kancane.
Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, izinto sezishintshile. Amakhompyutha ayashesha futhi ashibhile. AmaMicrokernels enze ukweqa kusuka ezifundweni kuya ekukhiqizeni.
I-XNU kernel, esenhliziyweni ye-macOS ne-iOS, ithola ugqozi oluningi kusuka ekwakhiweni kwama-micro-cores wangaphambilini, iMach kernel eyenziwe yiCarnegie Mellon University. Khonamanjalo, i-QNX, esekela uhlelo lokusebenza lweBlackberry 10, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ze-infotainment ezimotweni, isebenzisa i-microkernel design.
Konke kukhuliswa
Ngoba imiklamo yeMicrokernel inqunyelwe ngamabomu, kulula ukuyinweba. Ukungeza insiza yohlelo olusha, njengomshayeli wedivayisi, akudingi ukuthi unjiniyela ashintshe noma aphazamise i-kernel ngokuyisisekelo.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kungani iHuawei ikhethe le ndlela ngeHarmony OS. Yize iHuawei mhlawumbe yaziwa kakhulu ngamafoni ayo, iyinkampani ebamba iqhaza ezigabeni eziningi zemakethe yezobuchwepheshe yabathengi. Uhlu lwayo lwemikhiqizo lufaka izinto ezifana nemishini yokuqina yokugqoka, ama-routers, kanye namathelevishini.
IHuawei yinkampani yokuvelela emangalisayo. Ngemuva kokuthatha iphepha encwadini yombangi kaXiaomi, inkampani yaqala ukuthengisa imikhiqizo Inthanethi yezinto ezivela Ngokusebenzisa insizakalo yayo egxile entsheni, kubandakanya amabhulashi amazinyo ahlakaniphile namalambu edeski ahlakaniphile.
Futhi yize kungacaci ukuthi iHarmony OS izogcina isebenze kuyo yonke ingxenye yobuchwepheshe yabathengi ebuthengisayo, iHuawei ifisa ukuba nohlelo lokusebenza olusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ingxenye yesizathu ukuhambisana. Uma ungazinaki izidingo zehadiwe, noma iluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olubhalelwe i-Harmony OS kufanele lusebenze kunoma iyiphi idivayisi olusebenzayo. Lesi isiphakamiso esikhangayo sonjiniyela. Kepha kufanele futhi kube nezinzuzo nakubathengi. Njengoba amadivayisi aya ngokwanda eba ngamakhompyutha, kunengqondo ukuthi kufanele akwazi ukusebenza kalula njengengxenye yesistimu ebanzi yemvelo.
Kepha kuthiwani ngezingcingo?
Sekucishe kube unyaka kusukela uMgcinimafa wezokuphatha uTrump ebeka iHuawei "Ohlwini Lwebhizinisi", ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela izinkampani zaseMelika ekuhwebeni nale nkampani. Yize lokhu kufake ingcindezi kuwo wonke amazinga ebhizinisi likaHuawei, kube wubuhlungu obukhulu ekuhlukaneni kwamaselula kwenkampani, nokuyivimba ukuthi ingakhiphi amadivayisi amasha aneGoogle Mobile Services (GMS) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
I-Google Mobile Services iyona yonke imvelo yeGoogle ye-Android, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezifana neGoogle Maps ne-Gmail, kanye neGoogle Play Store. Njengoba amafoni wakamuva kaHuawei entula ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, abaningi baye bazibuza ukuthi ngabe isiqhwaga saseChina sizoyishiya i-Android, kunalokho sithuthele kuhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko.
Lokhu kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Okungenani esikhathini esifushane.
Okokuqala, ubuholi bukaHuawei buphinda ukuzibophezela kwabo kungxenyekazi ye-Android. Esikhundleni salokho, igxile ekwenzeni enye indlela yayo ye-GMS ebizwa ngeHuawei Mobile Services (HMS).
Enhliziyweni yalokhu uhlelo lokusebenza lwenkampani, iHuawei AppGallery. U-Huawei uthi usebenzisa u- $ 3000 billion ukuvala "igebe lohlelo lokusebenza" ne-Google Play Isitolo futhi unonjiniyela be-software abangu-XNUMX abasebenza kuso.
Uhlelo olusha lokusebenza lweselula kuzofanele luqale phansi. IHuawei kuzofanele ihehe abathuthukisi ukuhambisa noma ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zabo zeHarmony OS. Futhi njengoba sifundile kwiWindows Mobile, iBlackBerry 10, neTizen yakwaSamsung (futhi ngaphambili iBada), lesi akusona isiphakamiso esilula.
Kodwa-ke, iHuawei ingenye yezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinemithombo eminingi emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube ukuhlakanipha ukunqabela ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ifoni esebenzisa iHarmony OS.
Yenziwe eChina 2025
Kukhona i-angle yezombangazwe ethokozisayo engadingidwa lapha. Sekungamashumi eminyaka iChina isebenza njengomkhiqizi womhlaba wonke, imikhiqizo yokwakha eyakhiwe phesheya kwezilwandle. Kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni waseChina kanye nomkhakha wakhe ozimele batshale imali enkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Imikhiqizo eyenzelwe amaShayina iya ngokuya ingena esigabeni samazwe omhlaba, ihlinzeka ngokuncintisana okusha kwe-tech elite yaseSilicon Valley.
Phakathi kwalokhu, uhulumeni waseBeijing unesifiso asibiza "Senziwe eChina 2025". Ngokuphumelelayo, ifuna ukuqeda ukuncika kwayo kumikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu engenisiwe, njengama-semiconductors nezindiza, bese izifaka ezinye izindlela zasekhaya. Isizathu salokhu sivela ekuphepheni kwezomnotho nezepolitiki, kanye nodumo lukazwelonke.
IHarmony OS ilingana kahle nalesi sifiso. Uma isuka, kuzoba uhlelo lokuqala olusebenza ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke ukuphuma eChina - ngaphandle kwalabo abasetshenziswa ezimakethe ze-niche, njengeziteshi zamaselula. Lezi ziqinisekiso zasekhaya zizosiza ikakhulukazi uma iMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi kweChina ne-United States iqhubeka nokufutheka.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeke ngimangale ngoba iHarmony OS inabalandeli abanohlonze kuhulumeni omkhulu, kanye nasemkhakheni ozimele omkhulu waseChina. Futhi yilaba basekeli abazonquma ekugcineni impumelelo yayo.
