Njira ya router
Nthawi zambiri ndi chipangizo cha Hardware kapena pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yomwe imayang'anira momwe mapaketi amayendera pamaneti. Kotero imasankha njira yabwino yosunthira phukusili kumalo omwe mukufuna. Rauta opanda zingwe, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki opanda zingwe amderali (WLAN) kuwongolera kufalikira kwa mapaketi pofotokoza komwe mukufuna pa paketi iliyonse yotumizidwa pa netiweki iyi. Zida zamakono monga makompyuta, ma laputopu, ndi zina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi rauta yopanda zingwe kudzera pazida zopanda zingwe za Transceiver zomwe zilipo pazida izi, kupatulapo ntchito yayikulu ya rauta yopanda zingwe, chifukwa imatetezanso zida zamagetsi kuti zisalowe; Zimenezi n’kusaulula maadiresi a zipangizozi pa Intaneti, monga mmene rauta ingagwirire ntchito yozimitsa moto.
Konzani ndikusintha rauta
Router iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonzedwa isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma izi zisanachitike, ndibwino kuyika rauta pamalo oyenera;
Poyiyika pamalo akuluakulu pakati pa nyumbayo, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, sizili bwino kuzipatula kapena kuziyika pamalo opapatiza;
Popeza izi zidzachepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa zida zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi iyo, ndipo rauta yopitilira imodzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pankhaniyi ndikuchita zofanana ndi mfundo, ma routers amayikidwa m'malo angapo mnyumba omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo ochezera (mu Chingerezi). : Node) pa netiweki iyi.
Kulowa pagawo lowongolera
Gulu lowongolera la router limalowetsedwa motsatira njira izi:
- Ngati njira yolumikizira intaneti ikufuna modemu (Chingerezi: Modem), iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi rauta, ndipo izi zimachitika ndikuzimitsa modemu ndikuchotsa chingwe cha Efaneti (Chingerezi: Efaneti chingwe) cholumikizidwa nacho kuchokera pakompyuta. , ndiye chingwe ichi chikugwirizana ndi doko la WAN mu rauta.
- Modemu imatsegulidwa ndikudikirira kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako ndikutsegula rauta ndikudikirira kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako chingwe china cha Efaneti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuchilumikiza ku kompyuta ndi doko la LAN mu rauta.
- Kuti muyambe kukonza makonda a rauta, gulu lake lowongolera limapezeka (mu Chingerezi: Control Panel) kudzera pa msakatuli polowetsa adilesi ya IP ya rauta mu msakatuli.
- Adilesiyi ikuchokera ku bukhu lolumikizidwa la rauta.
- Adilesiyi imasiyana ndi rauta imodzi kupita kwina malinga ndi kampani yomwe imapanga.
- Adilesi ya IP ya rauta nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi 192.168.0.1, kenako imalowetsedwa mu Adilesi ya msakatuli ndikudina batani la Enter (Chingerezi: Lowani) pa kiyibodi.
- Mukalowa adilesi ya gulu lowongolera, pempho loti mulowetse zenera lidzawonekera, ndiye dzina la wogwiritsa ntchito ndi mawu achinsinsi a akaunti yoyendetsedwa (Chingerezi: Akaunti Yoyang'anira) ya rauta iyi imalowetsedwa, ndipo zambiri za akauntiyi zitha kupezeka. Buku la rauta, ndiyeno kukanikiza batani lolowera pa kiyibodi.
Zokonda pa netiweki opanda zingwe
Mbali ya Wi-Fi (m'Chingerezi: Wi-Fi) imayatsidwa pa rauta kuti ilumikizane ndi netiweki ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira ukadaulo uwu, ndipo izi zimachitika motere:
- Mukalowa mugawo lowongolera, fufuzani tabu ya Wireless Configuration ( Mu Chingerezi: Wireless Setup) kapena china chofanana.
- Ngati mawonekedwe opanda zingwe a Wi-Fi sanatsegulidwe konse, amayatsidwa, ndipo ngati rauta imathandizira mbali ya Dual-band, padzakhala makonda osiyanasiyana omwe rauta imagwira nawo ntchito, 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz.
- Sankhani "Auto" (Chingerezi: Auto) kuchokera pamayendedwe (Chingerezi: Channel).
- Sankhani dzina la netiweki yopanda zingwe polemba dzina lomwe mukufuna m'munda pafupi ndi mawu oti "SSID".
- Sankhani mtundu wa encryption womwe mukufuna pa netiweki yopanda zingwe, makamaka "WPA2-PSK [AES]", chifukwa ndichinsinsi chotetezedwa kwambiri pama netiweki opanda zingwe pakadali pano, ndipo ndibwino kusankha "WEP" encryption; Monga kubisa uku muli pachiwopsezo chomwe chimalola otchedwa (Brute-force attack) kudziwa mawu achinsinsi.
- Sankhani mawu achinsinsi omwe mukufuna, ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zapakati pa 8 mpaka 63, makamaka mawu achinsinsi omwe ndi ovuta komanso aatali kuti akhale ovuta kuyerekeza.
- Sungani zosintha.
Bwezeretsani makonda a rauta
Ngati wosuta wayiwala mawu achinsinsi a rauta kapena anali ndi vuto, rauta ikhoza kukhazikitsidwanso mwa njira zotsatirazi:
- Sakani Bwezerani batani pa rauta.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chida cholozera kuti dinani batani, ndipo ikanikiza kwa masekondi 30. Dikirani masekondi ena 30 kuti mukonzenso ndikuyambitsanso rauta.
- Ngati masitepe am'mbuyomu sanagwire ntchito, ndiye kuti lamulo la 30-30-30 lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzanso zoikamo, pomwe batani la Bwezeretsani limakanizidwa kwa masekondi 90 m'malo mwa 30.
Momwe mungakhazikitsire makonda angasiyane kuchokera ku rauta imodzi kupita ku ina, kutengera mtundu wake.
Kusintha ma router system
Nthawi zonse ndibwino kusinthira makina opangira rauta kukhala mtundu waposachedwa,
monga zosintha nthawi zambiri zimathetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo mu chipangizocho,
komanso ali ndi zosintha zomwe zimapindulitsa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a netiweki.
Ma routers ena amatha kusintha makina awo okha, koma ma routers ena angafunike kuti wogwiritsa ntchito achite izi pamanja, ndipo izi zimachitika kudzera pagawo loyang'anira chipangizocho, ndipo bukhuli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphunzira momwe angasinthire.