FAT32, NTFS, ndi exFAT ndi mitundu itatu yamafayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zosungira. Mafayilowa, opangidwa ndi Microsoft, ali ndi zabwino zawo komanso zoyipa zawo. Muyenera kudziwa kusiyana pakati pawo chifukwa izi zikuthandizani posankha mafayilo oyenera pazosowa zosiyanasiyana.
F AT32, NTFS, ndi exFAT ndi mitundu itatu yamafayilo omwe timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito pa Windows, Android yosungirako, ndi zida zina zambiri. Koma, mudaganizapo zakusiyana pakati pa FAT32, NTFS, exFAT komanso mtundu wa mafayilo.
Tikamayankhula za Windows, mwina mwawonapo makina opangira ma pulogalamu omwe ali ndi gawo la mafayilo a NTFS. Pazoyendetsa zochotseka ndi mitundu ina yosungira kutengera mawonekedwe a USB, timagwiritsa ntchito FAT32. Kuphatikiza apo, ma drive oyendetsa ndi makhadi okumbukiranso amathanso kupangidwanso ndi mawonekedwe a exFAT, omwe ndi mtundu wa fayilo yakale ya FAT32.
Koma tisanayang'ane mitu monga exFAT, NTFS, ndi zina zambiri, tiuzeni zina mwazomwe zimayimira mafayilo amtunduwu. Mutha kupeza kufananiza kumapeto.
Kodi fayilo ndi chiyani?
Fayilo yamafayilo ndi malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe momwe deta imasungidwira ndikupeza chosungira , kaya ndi hard drive, flash drive, kapena china chake. Mutha kufananitsa njira zachikhalidwe zosungira deta m'maofesi athu m'mafayilo osiyanasiyana ndi mafayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakompyuta.
Zambiri zakusungidwa zimatchedwa "fayiloPamalo ena osungira. Ngati mafayilo am'manja achotsedwa mdziko la makompyuta, zonse zomwe tatsala ndi gawo lalikulu lazidziwitso zosadziwika muzosungira zathu.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamafayilo omwe amapezeka pazosankha zosiyanasiyana monga ma disk mafayilo, mafayilo amtundu, mafayilo amatepi, ndi zina zambiri. Koma pakadali pano, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo atatu a disk FAT32, NTFS, ndi exFAT.
Kukula kwa gawo lachigawo ndikutani?
Mawu ena omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri pokambirana za mafayilo osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa gawo (komwe kumatchedwanso kukula kwa block). Ndizofunikira Malo ang'onoang'ono omwe fayilo ikhoza kukhalapo pagawoli . Pamene mukukonzekera galimoto iliyonse, kukula kwa unit unit nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pamakonzedwe osasintha. Komabe, kuyambira 4096 mpaka 2048 zikwi. Kodi mfundo izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Mukamapanga, ngati magawano apangidwa ndi gawo logawika 4096, mafayilo amasungidwa m'magulu 4096.
Kodi FAT32 file system ndi chiyani?
Chidule cha Lembani Gulu Logawa , yomwe ndi mafayilo akale kwambiri komanso odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya kompyuta. Nkhaniyi idayamba mu 1977 ndimafayilo apachiyambi a 8-bit FAT omwe amayenera kukhala chitsanzo cha Microsoft Chokhachokha Disk Basic-80 Yotulutsidwa kwa Intel 7200-based NCR 8080 mu 1977/1978 - cholowera cholowera ndi ma diski a 8-inchi. Inalembedwa ndi a Mark MacDonald, wogwira ntchito yoyamba kulipidwa ndi Microsoft, atakambirana ndi a Bill Gates omwe adayambitsa nawo Microsoft.
FAT file system, kapena FAT Structure, monga momwe amatchulidwira kale, idagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina ogwiritsa ntchito a MDOS / MIDAS a Microsoft 8080 / Z80 olembedwa ndi Mark MacDonald.
FAT32: Malire ndi Kugwirizana
M'zaka zapitazi, FAT file system idapita ku FAT12, FAT16 ndipo pamapeto pake FAT32 yomwe imafanana ndi fayilo file system tikamakumana ndi zosungira zakunja ngati zoyendetsa zochotseka.
FAT32 imapitilira kukula kochepa komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mafayilo a FAT16. Ndipo 32-bit File Allocation Table idatulutsidwa mu Ogasiti 1995 , Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina opangira Windows 95. FAT32 imakupatsani mwayi wosunga Mafayilo amakulidwe mpaka 4GB و Kukula kwakukulu kwa disk kumatha kufikira 16TB .
Chifukwa chake, mafayilo amafuta sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa zolemetsa kapena kusunga mafayilo akulu, ndichifukwa chake Windows yamakono imagwiritsa ntchito fayilo yatsopano yotchedwa NTFS, ndipo simuyenera kuda nkhawa za kukula kwa fayilo ndi kukula kwa disk. malire.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Windows, Mac ndi Linux imagwirizana ndi fayilo ya FAT32.
Kodi mungasankhe liti FAT32?
Mawonekedwe a FAT32 ndi abwino pazida zosungira monga ma driver a flash koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe fayilo imodzi yomwe imaposa 4 GB. Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja kwa makompyuta, monga masewera amasewera, ma HDTV, ma DVD ndi ma Blu-Ray, ndi chida chilichonse chokhala ndi doko la USB.
Kodi fayilo ya NTFS ndi chiyani?
Njira ina yoyendetsera mafayilo a Microsoft yotchedwa NTFS (file system technology yatsopano) Idamalizidwa Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1993 Ndi mawonekedwe a Windows NT 3.1 adayamba kugwira ntchito.
Makina a fayilo a NTFS amapereka malire osakwanira kukula kwamafayilo. Kuyambira pano, sizingatheke kuti titha kufika penapake pafupi ndi malire. Kukula kwa mafayilo amtundu wa NTFS kudayamba mkatikati mwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX chifukwa chothandizana pakati pa Microsoft ndi IBM kuti ipange makina atsopano ogwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Komabe ,ubwenzi wawo sunakhalitse ndipo awiriwa adasiyana, ndikupanga mtundu wawo wamafayilo atsopano. Mu 1989, IBM idapanga HPFS yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu OS / 2 pomwe mgwirizano ukuchitika. Microsoft idatulutsa NTFS v1.0 ndi Windows NT 3.1 mu 1993.
NTFS: Zoperewera ndi mawonekedwe
Imapereka mafayilo amtundu wa NTFS Kukula kwa mafayilo kukula kwa 16 EB - 1 KB ، ndipo iye 18،446،744،073،709،550،592 بايت . Chabwino, mafayilo anu siakulu, ndikuganiza. Gulu lake lotukuka linali Tom Miller, Gary Kimura, Brian Andrew, ndi David Goble.
NTFS v3.1 idayambitsidwa ndi Microsoft Windows XP ndipo sinasinthe kwenikweni kuyambira pamenepo, ngakhale zowonjezera zowonjezera zawonjezedwa monga kugawa shrinkage, kudzipulumutsa, ndi maulalo ophiphiritsa a NTFS. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a NTFS mphamvu ndi 256 TB yokha kuchokera ku 16 TB-1 KB yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsa Windows 8.
Zina mwazodziwikiratu ndizobwezeretsa mfundo, kuthandizira mafayilo ochepa, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito disk, kutsata maulalo, ndi kubisa kwamafayilo. Makina amtundu wa NTFS amathandizira kugwirana kumbuyo.
Imeneyi ndi fayilo ya magazini yomwe imatsimikizira kuti ndi gawo lofunikira pakubwezeretsanso mafayilo omwe adawonongeka. Amasunga nyuzipepalayo, kapangidwe ka data komwe kamatsata zosintha zilizonse pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa fayiloyo.
NTFS mafayilo amathandizidwa ndi Windows XP kenako. Apple's Mac OSX imapereka chithandizo chokhacho chowerengera pagalimoto yoyeserera ya NTFS, ndipo mitundu ingapo ya Linux imatha kupereka chithandizo cholemba cha NTFS.
Mwinanso mungakhale ndi chidwi chophunzira za: Kodi mafayilo amtundu wanji, mitundu yawo ndi mawonekedwe awo?
Tikukhulupirira kuti mupeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mafayilo atatu FAT32 vs NTFS vs exFAT, gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga.
