Kodi seva ya DNS ndi chiyani?
kumene mawu akuti (Domain Name System) kukhala zinthu ziwiri, yoyamba ndiyo njira yomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano potembenuza zilembo zowerengeka (Monga mayina apakompyuta) kuma adilesi adigito, yachiwiri ndi ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti athe kulumikizana.
ndi DNS ndichidule cha dzina lapa seva أو dzina ladongosolo
Domain Name System (DNS) ndi magulu azamasamba omwe amasulira mayina amtundu wawo kukhala ma adilesi a IP.
DNS nthawi zambiri imati foni yam'manja yapaintaneti chifukwa imasintha mayina osavuta kukumbukira monga www.google.com kukhala ma adilesi a IP monga 216.58.217.46.
Zimachitika mseri mukatha kulemba URL mu bar ya adilesi osatsegula osazindikira momwe izi zilili. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti popanda seva ya DNS, kuyenda pa intaneti sikungakhale kophweka chifukwa tiyenera kulowetsa adilesi ya IP patsamba lililonse tikufuna kuyendera.
Magawo Oyambira a DNS
Ntchitoyi idadutsa mibadwo itatu mpaka idakhala momwe iliri kale komanso pachikhalidwe.
● m'badwo woyamba
Pambuyo poyesera koyambirira kuti omwe akukonzekera azitha kupezeka pa intaneti, gulu la mainjiniya lidapanga kufotokozera kwa DNS.
Ntchitoyi idachitika mkati mwa Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ndi zolembedwa zomwe zidatumizidwa mu mndandanda wa Funsani Ndemanga (RFC), zolembedwazi zimafotokoza njira yogwirira ntchito ndipo imaphatikizaponso mitundu ina yamtundu woyambirira yomwe imafunikira.
Imelo yapaintaneti yazindikiridwanso ndipo kuyeserera kololeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri DNS. Ngakhale zoyesayesa zina zidatsatiridwa kuti ziwonjezere zina mwa ma DNS, sizinatsatiridwe chifukwa pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti sichinali lingaliro lolumikiza mapulogalamu ena mozama mu DNS. DNS Lingaliro labwino ndipo zinali pafupifupi zaka 10 kusanachitike pulogalamu yayikulu yoyamba yamalamulo DNS Zomwe zinali kuwonjezera njira yamphamvu kwambiri yosungira ma seva kuti azikhala aposachedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotchedwa Dziwitsani ndi kusintha kosintha madera (IXFR), m'badwo woyamba wa DNSNjira yabwino yoperekera mosalekeza inali kukhala ndi ma seva angapo omwe amayankha mafunso angapo. Seva imodzi idatchedwa seva yayikulu (mbuye seva), pamene ena onse anali akapolo akapolo (akapolo akapolo), ndipo seva iliyonse ya akapolo idalangizidwa kuti ifufuze makinawo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti adziwe ngati zosinthazo zasintha kapena ayi.
● mbadwo wachiwiri
Kutalika Dziwitsani Wosintha masewera woyamba, m'malo mwa seva yayikulu yomwe imayenera kudikirira kuti amiseche akapolo ayang'ane, imatha kutumiza uthenga wazidziwitso kumaseva akapolo, kuwalimbikitsa kuti apeze zatsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchitidwa IXFR Kusintha kwakukulu pamomwe chidziwitso chimafotokozedwera;
M'mbuyomu, kusintha mbiri imodzi mwa mazana kumapangitsa kutumizidwa koyambirira kutumiza mamiliyoni a mauthenga, ndikusintha IXFR Dongosololi limangololeza kusintha kuti kutumizidwa.
● M'badwo wachitatu
Ndipo mutatha kuwonjezera Dziwitsani و IXFR ndi zosintha zofunikira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa protocol kwayamba DNS Pangoziyi, monga code idawonjezedwa apa ndi apo, koma palibe amene adapereka ndondomeko zowunikiranso za zomwe zimatchedwa kukhulupirika kwazinthu, cholinga cha chitukuko m'badwo wachitatu chinali chitetezo DNS Ndipo zidzakhalabe choncho kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Kodi seva ya DNS imagwira ntchito bwanji
Njirayi ikhoza kukhala yovuta koma itha kukhala yosavuta ponena kuti seva DNS
Ndi mapu omwe intaneti imagwira ntchito momwe mumadziwira; Pomwe, mukalowa dzina la webusayiti mu msakatuli wanu, seva DNS amakulozerani ku adilesi IP zake zolondola. Zimatengera magawo angapo ndi ma seva angapo, koma njirayi ndiyothamanga kwambiri.
Kuti mumvetsetse njira yothetsera kusamvana kwa DNS, ndikofunikira kudziwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za hardware zomwe funso la DNS liyenera kudutsa. Kwa msakatuli kusaka kwa DNS kumachitika ndipo sikufuna kuyanjana kuchokera pakompyuta ya wogwiritsa ntchito kupatula pempho loyambirira.
Kodi zida za DNS ndi ziti?
Mu DNS, zida zingapo zimathandizana kukwaniritsa pempho lanu:
● DNS yoyambiranso
Zitha kuganiziridwa ngati woyang'anira laibulale akumufunsa kuti apeze buku linalake kwinakwake mulaibulale, yomwe ili DNS wobwereza Udindo wopereka zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusaka ndikukwaniritsa wosuta.
● Muzu nameserver
Ndi gawo loyamba kumasulira kapena kuthana ndi mayina amaina omwe amawerengedwa kuma adilesi a IP.
Zitha kuganiziridwa ngati cholozera mulaibulale yomwe ikulozera m'mashelefu osiyanasiyana amabuku; Mutha kutenga ngati cholozera kumawebusayiti ena, achindunji kwambiri.
● Seva yamasamba apamwamba
Seva yapamtunda yam'mizinda (TLD) monga shelufu ya mabuku mulaibulale.
Seva yamtunduwu ndi gawo lotsatira pakusaka adilesi yapadera ya IP, popeza imakhala gawo lomaliza la dzina la tsambalo Mwachitsanzo, tinene kuti tili ndi tsamba lomwe lili ndi dzina chitsanzo.com Madera apamwamba ndi (com.).
● Wolemba mayina
Ndilo gawo lomaliza pamafunso amaseva, ndipo ngati dzina la seva lili ndi mwayi wofufuza,
Idzabwezeretsa adilesi ya IP ya dzina laomwe akupemphedwa kubwerera DNS Wolemba amene adapanga pempho loyambirira.
ndi miyezi dns DNS ndiye DNS Google kapena google-dns ndipo iye
Kudula DNS: 8.8.8.8
Wachiwiri DNS: 8.8.4.4
Ndipo muli ndi thanzi labwino komanso thanzi la otsatira athu okondedwa
