Bayan shekaru da yawa na jita -jita da jita -jita, babban kamfanin fasahar Huawei na kasar Sin ya kaddamar da Harmony OS a hukumance a shekarar 2019. Kuma yana da kyau a ce an yi tambayoyi fiye da amsa. Ta yaya yake aiki? Wadanne matsaloli kuke warwarewa? Shin sakamakon rigimar yanzu tsakanin Huawei da gwamnatin Amurka ne?
Shin Harmony OS ya dogara ne akan Linux?
A'a. Kodayake duka samfuran software ne na kyauta (ko, mafi daidai, Huawei yayi alƙawarin sakin Harmony OS tare da lasisin tushen buɗewa), Harmony OS shine samfuran su na fitattu. Haka kuma, yana amfani da tsarin ƙirar daban don Linux, yana fifita ƙirar microkernel akan kernel monolithic.
Amma jira. Microkernel? Monolithic kwaya?
Bari mu sake gwadawa. A zuciyar kowane tsarin aiki shine abin da ake kira kwaya. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, kwaya tana cikin zuciyar kowane tsarin aiki, yana aiki azaman tushe. Suna kula da hulɗa tare da kayan aikin da ke ƙasa, keɓe albarkatu, da ayyana yadda ake aiwatar da shirye -shirye.
Duk kernels suna ɗaukar waɗannan nauyi na farko. Koyaya, sun bambanta da yadda suke aiki.
Bari muyi magana game da ƙwaƙwalwa. Tsarin aiki na zamani yana ƙoƙarin raba aikace -aikacen mai amfani (kamar Steam ko Google Chrome) daga mafi mahimmancin sassan tsarin aiki. Ka yi tunanin layin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba wanda ke raba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da sabis na faɗin tsarin ke amfani da shi daga aikace-aikacenku. Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na wannan: tsaro da kwanciyar hankali.
Microkernels, kamar waɗanda Harmony OS ke amfani da su, suna nuna wariya sosai game da abin da ke gudana a yanayin kernel, wanda da gaske yana iyakance su ga abubuwan yau da kullun.
Maganar gaskiya, kernels iri ɗaya ba sa nuna bambanci. Linux, alal misali, yana ba da dama masu amfani da matakin tsarin aiki da matakai don gudana a cikin wannan sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
A lokacin da Linus Torvalds ya fara aiki a kan kwaron Linux, microkernels har yanzu ba a san adadinsu ba, tare da ƙarancin amfanin kasuwanci na zahiri. Hakanan microkernels sun tabbatar da wahalar haɓakawa, kuma suna da sauƙin zama.
Bayan kusan shekaru 30, abubuwa sun canza. Kwamfuta suna da sauri da arha. Microkernels sun yi tsalle daga ilimi zuwa samarwa.
Kernel na XNU, wanda yake a tsakiyar macOS da iOS, yana jawo wahayi mai yawa daga ƙirar ƙirar ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suka gabata, ƙwayar Mach da Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon ta haɓaka. A halin yanzu, QNX, wanda ke tallafawa tsarin aiki na Blackberry 10, da kuma tsarin bayanai da yawa a cikin abin hawa, yana amfani da ƙirar microkernel.
Yana da komai game da faɗaɗawa
Saboda ƙirar Microkernel an iyakance ta da gangan, suna da sauƙin faɗaɗawa. Ƙara sabon sabis na tsarin, kamar direba na na'ura, baya buƙatar mai haɓaka don canzawa ko tsoma baki tare da kwaya.
Wannan yana nuna dalilin da yasa Huawei ya zaɓi wannan hanyar tare da Harmony OS. Kodayake tabbas Huawei an fi sanin ta da wayoyinta, kamfani ne wanda ke shiga cikin yawancin sassan fasahar fasahar masu amfani. Jerin samfuransa ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar kayan aikin motsa jiki masu iya sawa, magudanar ruwa, har ma da talabijin.
Huawei kamfani ne mai matuƙar buri. Bayan ɗaukar takarda daga littafin abokin hamayyar Xiaomi, kamfanin ya fara siyarwa samfurori Intanit na abubuwa daga Ta hanyar Darajarsa ta mai da hankali kan matasa, gami da goge-goge mai kaifin baki da fitilun tebur mai kaifin basira.
Kuma yayin da ba a fayyace ba idan Harmony OS a ƙarshe zai ci gaba da aiki a kan kowane ɓangaren fasahar masu siyarwa da take siyarwa, Huawei yana fatan samun tsarin aiki wanda ke gudana akan na'urori da yawa.
Wani ɓangare na dalilin shine dacewa. Idan kun yi watsi da buƙatun kayan aikin, kowane aikace -aikacen da aka rubuta don Harmony OS yakamata yayi aiki akan kowace na'ura da yake aiki. Wannan shawara ce mai kyau ga masu haɓakawa. Amma kuma yakamata ya kasance yana da fa'ida ga masu amfani kuma. Yayin da na'urori da yawa ke zama na kwamfuta, yana da ma'ana cewa yakamata su sami damar yin aiki cikin sauƙi a zaman wani yanki mai fa'ida.
Amma wayoyi fa?
Kusan shekara guda kenan da Baitulmalin gwamnatin Trump ya sanya Huawei a cikin “Jerin Halayen”, don haka ya hana kamfanonin Amurka yin ciniki da kamfanin. Duk da cewa wannan ya sanya matsin lamba kan dukkan matakan kasuwancin Huawei, ya kasance babban ciwo a ɓangaren wayar hannu na kamfanin, yana hana shi sakin sabbin na'urori tare da Sabis na Google Mobile Services (GMS) da aka gina.
Sabis na Wayar hannu na Google shine ingantaccen tsarin halittar Google don Android, gami da aikace -aikacen yau da kullun kamar Google Maps da Gmail, da Google Play Store. Tare da sabbin wayoyin Huawei ba su da damar yin amfani da yawancin aikace -aikacen, mutane da yawa sun yi mamakin idan ƙaton China ɗin zai yi watsi da Android, a maimakon haka ya koma tsarin aiki na asali.
Wannan yana da wuya. Akalla a cikin gajeren lokaci.
Don masu farawa, shugabancin Huawei ya sake jaddada alƙawarinsa ga dandamalin Android. Madadin haka, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka madaidaicin madadinsa zuwa GMS da ake kira Huawei Mobile Services (HMS).
A tsakiyar wannan shine yanayin yanayin app na kamfanin, Huawei AppGallery. Huawei ya ce yana kashe dala biliyan 3000 don rufe "gibin app" tare da Google Play Store kuma yana da injiniyoyin software XNUMX da ke aiki a ciki.
Sabon tsarin aiki na wayar hannu dole ne ya fara daga karce. Dole ne Huawei ya jawo hankalin masu haɓaka don motsawa ko haɓaka ƙa'idodin su don Harmony OS. Kuma kamar yadda muka koya daga Windows Mobile, BlackBerry 10, da Tizen na Samsung (da tsohon Bada), wannan ba shawara ce mai sauƙi ba.
Koyaya, Huawei yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin fasaha masu wadata a duniya. Don haka, ba zai zama mai hikima ba don yin watsi da yuwuwar wayar da ke aiki da Harmony OS.
An yi shi a China 2025
Akwai kusurwar siyasa mai ban sha'awa don tattaunawa anan. Shekaru da yawa, kasar Sin ta kasance mai kera kayayyakin duniya, kayayyakin gine -gine na kasashen waje da aka tsara. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gwamnatin kasar Sin da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun zuba jari mai yawa kan bincike da ci gaba. Samfuran da aka ƙera na Sinawa suna ƙara shiga cikin matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, suna ba da sabon gasa ga ƙwararrun fasahar Silicon Valley.
A cikin wannan, gwamnatin Beijing tana da burin da ta kira "An yi a China 2025". Da kyau, tana son kawo ƙarshen dogaro da samfuran fasahar zamani da aka shigo da su, kamar semiconductors da jiragen sama, tare da maye gurbinsu da madadinsu na cikin gida. Dalilin wannan ya samo asali ne daga tsaron tattalin arziki da siyasa, da kuma martabar kasa.
Harmony OS ya dace da wannan buri da kyau. Idan ya tashi, zai zama tsarin aiki na farko da ya yi nasara a duniya baki ɗaya da zai fito daga China - ban da waɗanda ake amfani da su a kasuwanni masu kyau, kamar tashoshin wayar salula. Waɗannan takardun shaida na cikin gida za su kasance masu fa'ida musamman idan Yaƙin Cacar Baki tsakanin China da Amurka ya ci gaba da yin zafi.
A sakamakon haka, ba zan yi mamaki ba saboda Harmony OS yana da wasu manyan magoya baya a cikin gwamnatin tsakiya, da kuma cikin manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na China. Kuma waɗannan magoya bayan ne za su ƙaddara nasarar ta.
