Hattara nau'ikan 7 na ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata kwamfuta
Wanda yakamata ku kara kula da shi
Kamar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutar da mutane, ƙwayoyin cuta na kwamfuta suna zuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa kuma suna iya shafar kwamfutarka ta hanyoyi daban -daban.
A bayyane yake, kwamfutarka ba za ta tafi cikakken mako ba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta ba kuma tana buƙatar tafarkin maganin rigakafi, amma mummunan kamuwa da cuta na iya lalata tsarin ku kuma suna iya share fayilolin ku, sata bayanan ku, da sauƙaƙe yadawa zuwa wasu na'urori akan hanyar sadarwar ku. .
A ƙasa mun lissafa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda bakwai masu haɗari waɗanda yakamata ku kula dasu
1- Virus Sector Virus
Daga hangen mai amfani, ƙwayoyin cuta na Boot suna cikin mafi haɗari. Saboda yana cutar da babban rikodin taya, yana da wahalar cirewa, kuma irin wannan ƙwayar cuta tana kutsawa cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na shirin taya akan faifai, yana lalatawa da lalata abubuwan da ke ciki, wanda ke haifar da gazawar aikin taya.
Kwayoyin cuta na Boot galibi suna yaduwa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai masu cirewa kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun kai kololuwarsu a cikin shekarun XNUMX lokacin da diski ya zama al'ada, amma har yanzu kuna iya samun su akan kebul na USB da kuma abubuwan haɗe -haɗe na imel. Abin farin ciki, haɓakawa a cikin gine -ginen BIOS ya rage yaduwarsa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
2- Virus na Aiki kai tsaye - Virus na Aiki kai tsaye
Kwayar cutar kai tsaye tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu waɗanda ba a tabbatar da kansu ba kuma ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna ɓoye cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta.
Wannan ƙwayar cuta tana aiki ta hanyar haɗa kanta da takamaiman nau'in fayil - fayilolin EXE ko - COM. Yawancin lokaci lokacin da wani ya aiwatar da fayil ɗin, wannan fayil ɗin yana zuwa da rai, yana neman wasu irin fayiloli a cikin jagorar har sai ya bazu sosai.
A gefe mai kyau, ƙwayar cuta ba ta share fayiloli kuma baya hana aikin aikin tsarin ku kuma yana shagala daga wasu fayilolin da ba za a iya shiga ba.
3- Cutar Mazauni
Ba kamar ƙwayoyin cuta na aiki kai tsaye ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da haɗari a zahiri kuma an sanya su akan kwamfuta kuma an basu damar yin aiki koda lokacin da aka kawar da asalin cutar. Don haka, masana na ganin ya fi dan uwanta hatsarin kwayar cutar kai tsaye da muka ambata a baya.
Dangane da shirye -shiryen cutar, wannan shirye -shiryen na iya zama da wayo don ganowa har ma ya fi wahala. Za'a iya raba ƙwayoyin cuta mazauna gida zuwa kashi biyu: vectors masu sauri da jinkirin vectors. Masu ɗaukar kaya masu sauri suna haifar da mafi yawan lalacewa da sauri kuma saboda haka suna da sauƙin ganewa, yayin da masu ɗaukar jinkirin ke da wahalar ganewa saboda alamun su na tasowa sannu a hankali.
A cikin mafi munin yanayi, suna iya cutar da riga -kafi na ku, suna cutar da kowane fayil da shirin ke dubawa. Sau da yawa kuna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman - kamar facin tsarin aiki - don cire wannan nau'in ƙwayar cuta gaba ɗaya don haka aikace -aikacen riga -kafi ba zai isa ya kare ku ba.
4- Cutar Kwayoyin cuta
Yi taka tsantsan saboda yayin da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke son yaduwa ta hanyar hanya ɗaya ko isar da guda ɗaya na allurar mutuwarsu, ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa suna son yaduwa a duk hanyoyin zagaye. Kwayar cutar irin wannan na iya yaduwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma tana iya ɗaukar ayyuka daban -daban akan kwamfutar da ta kamu da cutar dangane da masu canji, kamar shigar da tsarin aiki ko kasancewar wasu fayiloli.
Yana iya cutar da ɓangaren taya da fayilolin aiwatarwa lokaci guda, yana ba shi damar yin aiki da sauri kuma ya bazu cikin sauri.
A gaskiya yana da wuyar cirewa. Ko da kun tsaftace fayilolin shirye -shiryen na'urar, idan kwayar cutar ta kasance a cikin sashin taya, da rashin alheri nan da nan za ta sake haifar da rashin kulawa lokacin da kuka sake kunna kwamfutar.
5- Polymorphic Virus
A cewar Symantec, mai haɓaka software na kwamfuta na duniya, ƙwayoyin polymorphic suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari waɗanda ke da wahalar ganowa ko ma cire su ta shirye -shiryen riga -kafi. Kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa kamfanonin riga -kafi suna buƙatar "kashe kwanaki ko watanni don ƙirƙirar ingantattun hanyoyin kama polymorphic."
Amma me yasa yake da wahalar kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta na polymorphic? Tabbacin yana cikin ainihin sunansa. cikin sauƙi daga jerin baƙi.
6- Rubuta Kwayar cuta
Kwayar bugawa na ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓacin rai a wurin.
Kwayar rubutu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓacin rai a can, koda kuwa ba ta da haɗari musamman ga tsarin ku gaba ɗaya.
Wannan saboda zai goge abin da ke cikin kowane fayil ɗin da ya cutar, hanyar da kawai za a iya cire ƙwayar cuta ita ce share fayil ɗin, ta haka ne za ku kawar da duk abin da ke cikinsa kuma yana iya kamuwa da duka fayilolin da ke tsaye da kuma duk wani yanki na software. .
Galibin nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta suna ɓoyewa kuma suna yaduwa ta hanyar imel, wanda ke sa su da wahalar ganewa ga matsakaicin mai amfani da kwamfuta.
7 -Virus na Spacefiller - Cutar Sarari
Har ila yau, an san su da "ƙwayoyin cuta na rami," ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin sararin samaniya sun fi hankali fiye da yawancin takwarorinsu. Hanya ta yau da kullun da ƙwayar cuta ke aiki ita ce kawai a haɗa kanta da fayil, kuma a yi ƙoƙarin samun damar sararin samaniya wanda a wasu lokuta ana iya samunsa a cikin fayil ɗin da kansa.
Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar shirin kamuwa da cuta ba tare da lalata lambar ba ko ƙara girman ta, don haka yana ba ta damar ƙetare ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabarun gano ɓoyayyiyar ɓarna da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke dogaro da su.
An yi sa'a, irin wannan ƙwayar cuta ba ta da ƙima, kodayake haɓaka fayilolin aiwatarwa na Windows yana ba su sabon zaman rayuwa.
