Okuqukethwe yi-athikili umbukiso

Qaphela izinhlobo ezi-7 zamagciwane ekhompyutha abhubhisayo

Okufanele unake kakhulu

Njengamagciwane athelela abantu, amagciwane ekhompyutha eza ngezindlela eziningi futhi angathinta ikhompyutha yakho ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ngokusobala, ikhompyutha yakho ngeke idlule isonto eligcwele ingenawo amagciwane futhi idinga indlela yama-antibiotic, kepha ukutheleleka okunzima kungadala isicefe ohlelweni lwakho futhi bangasusa amafayela akho, bantshontshe idatha yakho, futhi basakaze kalula kwamanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yakho .

Ngezansi sibala izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyingozi kakhulu zamagciwane ekhompyutha okufanele uzinake

Igciwane le-1- Boot Sector

Ngokombono womsebenzisi, amagciwane we-Boot Sector aphakathi kweziyingozi kakhulu. Ngoba ithelela i-master boot record, kunzima ukuyisusa, futhi lolu hlobo lwegciwane lungena emkhakheni wangasese wohlelo lokuqalisa kudiski, lubhubhise futhi luphazamise okuqukethwe kwalo, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwenqubo yokuqalisa.
Ama-virus weBoot Sector ngokuvamile asakazeka ngemidiya ekhishwayo futhi lawa magciwane afinyelela phezulu kuma-XNUMXs lapho amadiski e-floppy ayejwayelekile, kepha usengawathola kuma-USB drive nakuzinamathiselo ze-imeyili. Ngenhlanhla, ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwe-BIOS kunciphise ukwanda kwayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

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I-2- Direct Action Virus - I-Direct Action Virus

Igciwane lesenzo eliqondile lingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamagciwane angazibonakalisi noma anamandla futhi ahlala efihliwe kwimemori yekhompyutha.
Leli gciwane lisebenza ngokuzinamathisela ohlotsheni oluthile lwefayela - amafayela we-EXE noma we-COM. Imvamisa lapho othile enza lelo fayela, lelo fayela liyaphila, lifuna amanye amafayela afanayo enkombeni kuze kube yilapho lisakazeka ngesihluku.
Ngasohlangothini oluhle, igciwane imvamisa aliwasusi amafayela futhi alithikamezi ukusebenza kwesistimu yakho futhi liphazamisa amanye amafayela angenakufinyeleleka. Lolu hlobo lwegciwane alunamthelela omncane kumsebenzisi futhi lungasuswa kalula nge-software yokulwa namagciwane.

3- Igciwane Lesakhamuzi

Ngokungafani namagciwane esenzo esiqondile, lawa magciwane ahlala khona ayingozi ngokoqobo futhi afakwe kwikhompyutha futhi avunyelwe ukusebenza noma ngabe umthombo wokuqala wokutheleleka usususiwe. Njengalokhu, ochwepheshe bayibheka njengeyingozi ukwedlula umzala wayo igciwane lesenzo eliqondile esishilo ekuqaleni.
Ngokuya ngohlelo lwegciwane, lolu hlelo lungaba yinkohliso ukuthola futhi kube nzima kakhulu. Amagciwane okuhlala angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-vectors asheshayo nama-vectors ahamba kancane. Izithwali ezisheshayo zidala umonakalo omkhulu ngokushesha okukhulu ngakho-ke kulula ukuzibona, kanti izithwali ezihamba kancane kunzima ukuzibona ngoba izimpawu zazo zikhula kancane.
Esimweni esibi kakhulu, zingalimaza i-antivirus yakho, zithelele wonke amafayela uhlelo oluskena. Imvamisa udinga ithuluzi elihlukile - njengepatch system yohlelo olusebenzayo - ukususa ngokuphelele lolu hlobo lwegciwane oluyingozi ngakho-ke uhlelo lokulwa ne-malware ngeke lwanele ukukuvikela.

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4- I-Multipartite Virus

Qaphela kakhulu ngoba ngenkathi amanye amagciwane ethanda ukusabalala ngendlela eyodwa noma ukuletha umthwalo owodwa womjovo wabo obulalayo, amagciwane ama-multipartite afuna ukusabalala kuzo zonke izindlela ezizungezayo. Igciwane lalolu hlobo lingasakazeka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi lingathatha izinyathelo ezihlukile kukhompyutha ethelelekile ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, njengohlelo olufakiwe noma ubukhona bamafayela athile.
Ngasikhathi sinye ingathelela umkhakha webhuthi namafayela asebenzayo, ivumele ukuthi isebenze ngokushesha futhi isabalale ngokushesha.
Empeleni kunzima ukususa. Noma uhlanza amafayela wohlelo lwedivayisi, uma igciwane lihlala emkhakheni webhuthi, ngeshwa lizolikhiqiza ngokushesha nangokunganaki lapho uvula ikhompyutha futhi.

I-5- Igciwane le-Polymorphic

Ngokusho kukaSymantec, umqambi wesoftware yamakhompiyutha womhlaba wonke, amagciwane e-polymorphic angelinye lamagciwane ayingozi okunzima ukuwathola noma ukuwasusa ngezinhlelo zama-antivirus. Le nkampani ithi izinkampani ezilwa namagciwane zidinga "ukuchitha izinsuku noma izinyanga ukudala izinqubo zokubamba i-polymorphic olunembile."
Kepha kungani kunzima ukuqeda amagciwane e-polymorphic? Ubufakazi busegameni lalo ngqo. Isoftware ye-Antivirus ingabhala ohlwini olulodwa kuphela lolu hlobo lwegciwane, kepha igciwane le-polymorphic lishintsha isiginesha yalo (iphethini kanambambili) njalo lapho liphindeka, nakwi-antivirus software lingasangana ngoba amagciwane e-polymorphic angagwema. Susa kalula ohlwini lokuvinjiwe.

6- Bhala ngaphezulu Igciwane

Igciwane lokuthayipha lingenye yamagciwane akhungathekisa kakhulu laphaya.
Igciwane lokubhala lingenye yamagciwane akhungathekisa kakhulu laphaya, noma ngabe ayiyona ingozi kakhulu kuhlelo lwakho lonke.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izosusa okuqukethwe kunoma yiliphi ifayela elilingenelayo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokususa igciwane ukususa ifayela, ngakho-ke ususe konke okuqukethwe kulo futhi lingathelelelela amafayela womabili azimele wodwa nocezu lwesoftware lonke .
Ngokuvamile thayipha amagciwane afihliwe futhi asakazwa nge-imeyili, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba umsebenzisi ojwayelekile wekhompyutha.

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I-7-Spacefiller Virus - Isikhala segciwane

Eyaziwa nangokuthi "ama-virus virus," amagciwane esikhala ahlakaniphe kakhulu kunabalingani bawo abaningi. Indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenzela igciwane ukuzihlanganisa nje nefayela, bese uzama ukufinyelela esikhaleni samahhala kwesinye isikhathi esingatholakala ngaphakathi kwefayela uqobo.
Le ndlela ivumela ukuthelela uhlelo ngaphandle kokulimaza ikhodi noma ukukhulisa usayizi wayo, ngaleyo ndlela iyivumele ukuthi idlule ama-antiviruses kumasu wokuvikela ukutholwa amanye ama-virus athembele kuwo.
Ngenhlanhla, lolu hlobo lwegciwane aluvamile, yize ukukhula kwamafayela asebenzayo we-Windows kubanikeza ithuba lokuphila elisha.