Yini iseva ye-DNS?
lapho igama elithi (Uhlelo Lwesizinda Segama) ezintweni ezimbili, eyokuqala yi-protocol esetshenzisiwe namuhla ezimweni eziningi ukuguqula amalebula afundekayo (Njengamagama wama-computer) kumakheli edijithali, okwesibili umsebenzi womhlaba wonke wokwakha insizakalo usebenzisa le protocol ukunika amandla ukuxhumana.
kanye ne- DNS isifinyezo se igama lesizinda server أو uhlelo lwegama lesizinda
Uhlelo lwegama lesizinda (DNS) iqoqo lemininingwane ehumusha amagama aphethe kumakheli e-IP.
I-DNS ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yincwadi yocingo ye-Intanethi ngoba iguqula amagama aphethwe kalula njenge-www.google.com kuya kumakheli e-IP anjenge- 216.58.217.46.
Kwenzeka ekusithekeni ngemuva kokuthayipha i-URL kubha yekheli lesiphequluli ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi abone le nqubo.Kufanele ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kweseva ye-DNS, ukuzula kwi-Intanethi ngeke kube lula ngoba kuzodingeka ukuthi sifake ikheli le-IP lewebhusayithi ngayinye sifuna ukuvakasha.
Izigaba Zokuqalisa ze-DNS
Le nsizakalo idlule ezizukulwaneni ezintathu yaze yaba esimweni sayo samanje nesiko.
● isizukulwane sokuqala
Ngemuva kwemizamo ethile yokuqala yokwenza abasingathi bafinyeleleke nge-Intanethi, iqembu lonjiniyela lenze incazelo ye-DNS.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) kanye nemibhalo ethunyelwe ochungechungeni lweSicelo Sokuphawula (RFC), le mibhalo ichaza umthetho olandelwayo osebenza ngokuphelele futhi ifaka ezinye zezinhlobo zedatha zakuqala ezizodluliselwa.
Imeyili ye-Intanethi nayo itholakele futhi kube nemizamo yokuvumela iposi ukuthi isebenzise kakhulu DNS. Yize eminye imizamo ilandelwe ukwengeza izici eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza ku-DNS, ibingalandelwa ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvele ukuthi bekungewona umqondo wokuxhumanisa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokujulile kwi-DNS. DNS Umbono omuhle futhi bekuyiminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwesibuyekezo sokuqala seprotocol DNS Okuwukungeza indlela enamandla ngokwengeziwe yokugcina amaseva esesikhathini ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezibizwa QAPHELA nokudluliswa kwendawo okwandayo (IXFR), esizukulwaneni sokuqala se- DNSIndlela enhle yokuhlinzeka ngokuqhubeka kwaba ukuba neziphakeli eziningi eziphendula imibuzo eminingi. Iseva eyodwa yabizwa nge-master server (i-master server), ngenkathi abanye bengamaseva ezigqila (amaseva ezigqila), Futhi i-server ngayinye yesigqila yayiyalwa ukuthi ihlole i-master server ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthola ukuthi idatha ishintshile noma cha.
● isizukulwane sesibili
isikhathi eside QAPHELA Ushintsho lokuqala lomdlalo, esikhundleni sokuthi i-master server ilinde ukuthi amaseva ezigqila ahlole, ingathumela umyalezo wesaziso kumaseva ezigqila, ibenze ukuthi bathole idatha entsha. Ngasikhathi sinye kwenziwa IXFR ushintsho olukhulu endleleni idatha edluliswa ngayo;
Ngaphambilini ukuguqula irekhodi elilodwa kuphela emakhulwini kwenza ukucaciswa koqobo kuthumele amakhulu emiyalezo, ngenkathi kuguqulwa IXFR Uhlelo luvumela kuphela izinguquko ukuthi zithunyelwe.
● Isizukulwane sesithathu
Futhi ngemuva kokungeza QAPHELA و IXFR kanye nokuvuselelwa okubalulekile, ukwenziwa kwesivumelwano sekuqalile DNS Ekuphahlazekeni, njengoba ikhodi yayingezwa lapha nalaphaya, kepha akekho noyedwa owanikeza izivumelwano ukubuyekeza okuhle kwalokhu okuthiwa ubuqotho besakhiwo, ukugxila kwentuthuko esizukulwaneni sesithathu ukuphepha DNS Futhi kuzohlala kunjalo iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Isebenza kanjani iseva ye-DNS
Inqubo ingahle ibe yinkimbinkimbi kepha ingenziwa lula ngokusho ukuthi iseva DNS
Kuyimephu lapho i-Intanethi isebenza khona ngendlela oyaziyo; Ngenkathi, lapho ufaka igama lewebhusayithi kusiphequluli sakho, iseva DNS ikuqondisa ekhelini IP kulungile. Kuthatha izigaba eziningana kanye namaseva ambalwa, kepha inqubo ishesha kakhulu.
Ukuqonda inqubo ngemuva kwesixazululo se-DNS, kubalulekile ukwazi izinto ezahlukahlukene zehardware okufanele kwenziwe ngumbuzo we-DNS. Esipheqululini sewebhu ukubheka i-DNS kwenzeka futhi akudingi ukuxhumana kusuka kwikhompyutha yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwesicelo sokuqala.
Yiziphi izinto ze-DNS?
Ku-DNS, izinto eziningi ziyasebenzisana ukuqedela isicelo sakho:
● I-DNS recursor
Kungacatshangwa njengomtapo wolwazi emcela ukuthi afune incwadi ethile endaweni ethile emtatsheni wezincwadi, eyi DNS okwenziwe kabusha Ubhekele ukuhambisa izicelo ezingeziwe, ezithuthukisa usesho futhi zenelise umsebenzisi.
● Umsuka wegama lomsuka
Kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuhumusheni noma ekuxazululeni amagama aphethwe afundwayo kumakheli e-IP.
Kungacatshangwa njengesikhombi emtatsheni wezincwadi esikhomba amashalofu ahlukene ezincwadi; Ungayithatha njengereferensi yamanye amasayithi acaciswe ngokuthe xaxa.
● Isiphakeli segama lesizinda esisezingeni eliphezulu
Iseva yesizinda esezingeni eliphezulu (TLD) njengeshalofu lezincwadi kumtapo wezincwadi.
Le seva yeseva isinyathelo esilandelayo ekufuneni ikheli le-IP elithile, njengoba liphethe ingxenye yokugcina yegama lesayithi.Isibonelo, ake sithi sinesiza esinegama isibonelo.com Isizinda sezinga eliphezulu ngu (nge.).
● I-nameserver egunyaziwe
Kuyindawo yokugcina embuzweni wamaseva, futhi uma igama leseva elisemthethweni likwazi ukufinyelela kwirekhodi eliceliwe,
Izobuyisa ikheli le-IP legama lomethuleli eliceliwe Isifakeli se-DNS owenza isicelo sokuqala.
nezinyanga dns DNS unguye DNS google noma I-Google DNS futhi yena
IPermery DNS: 8.8.8.8
I-DNS yesibili: 8.8.4.4
Futhi usesimweni esihle sempilo nenhlalakahle yabalandeli bethu abathandekayo
