Iingcebiso zegolide ngaphambi kokufaka iLinux
Imbali iqalile linux Ngowe-1991 njengeprojekthi yobuqu yomfundi waseFinland Linus Torvalds, ukudala umongo Inkqubo yokwenza simahla Entsha, evela kwiprojekthi I-Linux kernel. Kususela kwinguqulelo yokuqala ye Ikhowudi yonikezo Kwi-1991, ikhule ukusuka kwinani elincinci leefayile embi Ifikelele ngaphezu kwe-16 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi kwinguqulo 3.10 ngo-2013 epapashwe phantsi Ilayisensi yoLuntu ngokubanzi ye-GNU.[1]
Ingcebiso yokuqala
Khetha unikezelo olufanelekileyo
• Ngokungafaniyo neWindows, iLinux ikunikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwenkululeko yokukhetha phakathi konikezelo oluninzi.
Ukukhetha ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo kuwe kulawulwa zizinto ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu
Okokuqala, amava omsebenzisi
Kwaye umbuzo nanku
Ngaba ungumsebenzisi weWindows onamava okulawula inkqubo yakhe kakuhle?
Ngaba unolwazi oluhle lokwahlulahlula kwediski enzima, iinkqubo zefayile kunye nofakelo lwesixokelelwano?
Ngaba ungumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo ongekho nzulu ekulawuleni, ekulondolozeni nasekufakeni inkqubo yakho?
Okwesibini, indawo yokusetyenziswa
Kwaye umbuzo nanku
Ngaba usebenzisa ikhompyuter yakho kwindawo yokusebenza enyanzelisa inkqubo ethile kunye neenkqubo kuwe?
Ziziphi iinkcukacha zesixhobo sakho?
Ngaba yi-32 bit okanye i-64 bit? Ngaba unonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi olomeleleyo?
Ngaba ungumsebenzisi onezidingo ezizodwa (uyilo, inkqubo, imidlalo)?
Isishwankathelo soku kungasentla
Kukho unikezelo olumele ukhetho olukhuselekileyo nolulula lwabaqalayo, olukhokelwa yiLinux Mint.
I-Linux Mint ikwafumaneka ngeendlela ezintathu (i-interface):
1- Isinamoni
Lujongano olungagqibekanga olubonelela ngamava omsebenzisi kufutshane neWindows, njengoko ifuna isixhobo esinamandla ngokwentelekiso.Iimfuno zokusebenza kwayo zezi zilandelayo:
I-2 GB ye-RAM kunye ne-20 GB yendawo yokufakela ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kunye nokuguquguqukayo.
2-Iqabane
I-interface yendabuko kunye neklasikhi, kodwa iguquguquka kwaye ilula. Nangona kunjalo, ndincoma iinkcukacha ezikufutshane neCinnamon ukusebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
3- Xfce
I-interface ilula kunye nokusebenza, inokuhamba kakuhle kwi-1 GB ye-RAM, kodwa phambi kwesiphequluli esifana neFirefox okanye iChrome, mhlawumbi eso sithuba siya kudliwa .. Yiba nesisa ngenkqubo yakho!
Kukho unikezelo olukhethekileyo lwabasebenzisi abaneemfuno ezizodwa, ezinje:
Kali, Fedora, Arch, Gentoo, okanye Debian.
Ingcebiso yesibini
Jonga kwakhona imfezeko yefayile yonikezelo phambi kofakelo
Esinye sezizathu ezinokuthi zithintele ukufakwa kweLinux lurhwaphilizo lwefayile yonikezelo.
• Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngexesha lokukhuphela ngenxa yoqhagamshelwano olungazinzanga.
• Ukunyaniseka kwefayile kuqinisekisiwe ngokuvelisa i-hash okanye ikhowudi (md5 sha1 sha256) kwaye uya kufumana ezi khowudi zangaphambili kwiphepha lokukhuphela lewebhusayithi esemthethweni yokusabalalisa.
• Unokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile yakho ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esifana ne-winmd5 okanye i-gtkhash kwaye ufanise i-hash enesiphumo kwi-hash yokuqala kwiwebhusayithi yokusabalalisa. Ukuba iyahambelana, ungayifaka. Ngaphandle koko, unokufuna ukuphinda uyikhuphele kwakhona.
• Malunga namava okukhuphela usebenzisa i-torrent, kunciphisa amathuba okonakala kwefayile.
Ingcebiso yesithathu
Khetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokutshisa unikezelo:
• Ukufakela ukuhanjiswa, kufuneka uqale uyitshise nokuba yiDVD okanye i-USB.
• Ukutshisa kwi-USB kudla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ikhoyo.
• Nazi ezona zixhobo zokutshisa kwi-USB:
1-Rufus: Esona sixhobo sibalaseleyo, esilula kakhulu esivulelekileyo-ukhetho lwakho lokuqala kwiWindows.
I-2- etcher: Isixhobo esilula nesibukekayo esisebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo- sizamile kwaye savavanywa ixesha elide kwaye asizange ndiphoxe.
Kukho nezinye izixhobo ezininzi ezifana ne-Unetbootin okanye i-Universal USB Installer, kodwa ndikukhethele ezona zilungileyo.
Ingcebiso yesine
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya inkqubo phambi kokufakwa
• Njengomzekelo, ngaphambi kokuthenga iimpahla, kufuneka uzilinganise kwaye uzizame phambi kwesibuko ukuze wazi ukuba ziyalingana na ubungakanani bakho kwaye zihambelana nencasa yakho.
• Phambi kokufaka unikezelo lweLinux, kuyafuneka ukuba uzame ukwazi ukuba iyakufanela na kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zakho njengomsebenzisi? .
Iindlela zokuzama ukuhanjiswa kweLinux
I-1-Amava aphilayo: Uninzi lonikezelo lweLinux lubonelela ngenqaku lokuqalisa inkqubo kunye nokuyivavanya iphila kwaye ikhuselekile ngaphandle kokufaka okanye ukwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwidiski yakho.
I-2 - Inkqubo yenyani: Unokufunda ukufaka inkqubo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha yakho ngokufakela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yenyani okanye umatshini wenyani, nto leyo ifaniso yendawo yofakelo yokwenyani Enye yezona nkqubo zidumileyo zomthombo ovulekileyo. ngale njongo yiVirtualbox, kwaye uguqulelo olukhethekileyo lwayo luyafumaneka kwiWindows.
Ingcebiso yesihlanu
Kuya kufuneka ufunde ukwahlulahlula i-hard drive, okanye ufumane uncedo lwengcali.
• Isakhono sokwahlula i-hard disk sithathwa njengesakhono esiyimfuneko ekufakeni nayiphi na inkqubo.
• Kufuneka uyazi indlela yokwahlulahlula ihard disk yakho, nokuba yiMBR okanye iGPT.
1- MBR: esisishunqulelo serekhodi yokuqalisa eyiNkosi:
• Awukwazi ukufunda indawo engaphezulu kwe-2 terabytes.
• Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphezulu kwezahlulo ezi-4 kwihard disk.
I-hard disk yahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Icandelo eliphambili
Sisahlulelo apho inkqubo ingafakelwa okanye igcinwe idatha (unobuninzi be-4).
icandelo elongeziweyo
Isebenza njengesikhongozeli esinamanye amacandelo (iqhinga lokoyisa umda omkhulu).
ulwahlulo olunengqiqo
La ngamacandelo angaphakathi kwecandelo elongeziweyo, afana nomsebenzi kumacandelo aphambili.
2- GPT: esisishunqulelo seTheyibhile yeSahlulo seSikhokelo:
• Inokufunda ngaphezulu kwe-2 terabytes.
• Unokwenza malunga ne-128 amacandelo (izahlulo).
Umbuzo apha ngulo: Zingaphi izahlulo endizidingayo ukufaka iLinux?
Oku kuxhomekeke kwi-firmware yesixhobo sakho, nokuba yi-UEFI okanye i-BOIS.
Ukuba luhlobo lwe-bois:
• Ungafakela inkqubo yeLinux kwisahlulelo esinye kuphela, esifomathwe ngenye yeenkqubo zefayile yeLinux, eyona idumileyo nezinzileyo yi ext4.
• Mhlawumbi kungangcono kuwe ukongeza elinye icandelo kutshintshiselwano, eliyinkumbulo yokutshintsha apho imisebenzi igqithiselwa khona xa i-RAM iphantse yagcwala.
• Kuyacetyiswa ukuba indawo yokutshintsha ibe kabini indawo ye-RAM ukuba i-RAM yakho ifikelela kwi-4 GB, kwaye iphantse ilingane ne-RAM ukuba ingaphezulu koko.
• Utshintshiselwano lukwayimfuneko kwinkqubo yokufukama kwaye lunokuba luhlobo lwefayile endaweni yolwahlulo olwahlukileyo.
• Kuyenzeka (ukhetho) ukwenza icandelo elahlukileyo (ikhaya), eliyindlela equlathe iifayile zakho zobuqu kunye noseto lwenkqubo.Kukho efanayo kwiWindows, eyincwadi eneenkcukacha enegama lomsebenzisi.Yayiyingaphambili ngaphambili. ubize amaxwebhu am.
• Kukho ezinye izicwangciso zokwahlula ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi ngoku!
Ukuba luhlobo lwe-UEFI:
• Ukwahlula kuya kuba ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili, kodwa kuya kufuneka wongeze isahlulelo esincinci esinendawo emalunga ne-512 MB ngenkqubo yefayile ye-FAT32, kwaye iya kuba yeyokuqala okanye yokuqalisa.
Ingcebiso yesithandathu
Thatha i-backup yeefayile zakho
• Imposiso yomntu yeyona nto iphambili ekulahlekeni kwedatha, ngoko ke kungcono ukugcina ikopi yogcino lweefayile zakho ezibalulekileyo phambi kofakelo.
Ingcebiso yokugqibela
Kukulungele ukuyeka enye yeenkqubo ezimbini:
• Ewe kunjalo, kuyenzeka ukufaka iLinux ecaleni kweWindows, kodwa kufuneka ulungiselele ngokwasengqondweni ukwenza ngaphandle komnye wabo emva kokufunda malunga nesakhono senkqubo nganye kwaye uthelekise oko neemfuno zakho.
• Ukuba ufuna ukuzigcina zombini, zilungiselele ukujongana nezinye iingxaki zokuqalisa (ingakumbi emva kokuhlaziya iiWindows).
• Faka iWindows kuqala, emva koko iLinux, ukunqanda iingxaki zokuqalisa emva kofakelo.
Inhlanhla kwaye sikunqwenelela impilo entle kunye nempilo, balandeli bethu abathandekayo
