Lumka iintlobo ezi-7 zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter ezonakalisayo
Oko kuya kufuneka uhlawule ngakumbi
Njengeentsholongwane ezichaphazela abantu, iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ziza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zinokuchaphazela ikhompyuter yakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokucacileyo, ikhompyuter yakho ayizukuhamba iveki epheleleyo ngaphandle kwentsholongwane kwaye ifuna ikhosi yezibulala-ntsholongwane, kodwa usulelo olunamandla lunokuphazamisa inkqubo yakho kwaye banokucima iifayile zakho, bebe idatha yakho, kwaye banwenwe ngokulula kwezinye izixhobo kwinethiwekhi yakho. .
Apha ngezantsi sidwelisa iindidi ezisixhenxe eziyingozi kakhulu zentsholongwane zekhompyuter ekufuneka uziqwalasele
Intsholongwane yecandelo leBoot
Ngokombono womsebenzisi, intsholongwane yecandelo leBoot ziphakathi kwezona ziyingozi. Kuba ichaphazela i-master boot rekodi, kunzima ukuyisusa, kwaye olu hlobo lwentsholongwane lungena kwicandelo labucala lenkqubo yokuqalisa kwidiski, litshabalalise kwaye liphazamise imixholo yalo, ekhokelela ekusileleni kwenkqubo yokuqalisa.
Iintsholongwane zeCandelo leBoot zihlala zisasazeka ngemithombo yeendaba esuswayo kwaye ezi ntsholongwane ziye zafikelela kwincopho yazo ngeminyaka yoo-XNUMX xa iidiski ebeziqhelekile, kodwa usenokuzifumana kwiidrive drive nakwiincamathiselo ze-imeyile. Ngethamsanqa, ukuphuculwa koyilo lwe-BIOS kunciphise ukuxhaphaka kwayo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.
I-2- Intshukumo yeNtsholongwane ngqo- iNtsholongwane eQhelekileyo yokuSebenza
Intshukumo ngqo yintsholongwane yenye yeendlela ezimbini eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezingazibonisiyo kwaye zinamandla kwaye zihlala zifihliwe kwimemori yekhompyuter.
Le ntsholongwane isebenza ngokuzincamathisela kuhlobo oluthile lwefayile- Iifayile ze-ExE okanye ze-COM.Ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntu esenza ifayile, loo fayile iyaphila, ikhangela ezinye iifayile ezifanayo kulawulo de isasaze ngolunya.
Kwicala elifanelekileyo, intsholongwane ayizicimi iifayile kwaye ayithinteli ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho kwaye iphazamisa ezinye iifayile ezingafikelelekiyo.Lolu hlobo lwentsholongwane alunampembelelo incinci kumsebenzisi kwaye lunokususwa ngokulula ngesoftware yeantivirus.
Intsholongwane yesi-3
Ngokungafaniyo neentsholongwane zentshukumo ethe ngqo, ezi ntsholongwane zabahlali ziyingozi ngokoqobo kwaye zifakwe kwikhompyuter kwaye zivunyelwe ukuba zisebenze nokuba umthombo wokuqala wosulelo utshabalalisiwe. Kananjalo, iingcali ziyithatha iyingozi ngaphezu komzala wayo intsholongwane ethe ngqo esiyichaze ngaphambili.
Kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yentsholongwane, le nkqubo inokuba yinkohliso ukuyifumana kwaye ibenzima nangakumbi. Iintsholongwane zokuhlala zinokwahlulahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iivenkile ezikhawulezayo kunye nee vectors ezicothayo. Iziphatho ezikhawulezayo zibangela owona monakalo mkhulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ke kulula ukuzibona, ngelixa izinto ezithwala kancinci kunzima ukuzibona kuba iimpawu zazo zikhula kancinci.
Kwimeko embi kakhulu, banokwenzakalisa i-antivirus yakho, besosulela zonke iifayile kwinkqubo efundwayo. Rhoqo kufuneka ube nesixhobo esahlukileyo-njengenkqubo yokusebenza -ukususa ngokupheleleyo olu hlobo lwentsholongwane ukuze isicelo esichasene ne-malware singonelanga ukukukhusela.
4- Iintsholongwane ezininzi
Lumka kakhulu kuba ngelixa ezinye iintsholongwane zithanda ukusasaza ngendlela enye okanye ukuhambisa umthwalo omnye wokubulala inaliti yazo ebulalayo, iintsholongwane eziphindaphindayo zifuna ukusasazeka kuzo zonke iindlela ezijikelezayo. Intsholongwane yolu hlobo ingasasazeka ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye inokuthatha amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kwikhompyuter yosulelo ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto eziguqukayo, ezinje ngenkqubo yokusebenza efakiweyo okanye ubukho beefayile ezithile.
Inokuchaphazela ngaxeshanye icandelo le-boot kunye neefayile ezisebenzayo, ukuyivumela ukuba isebenze ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasaze ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokwenyani kunzima ukususa. Nokuba ucoca iifayile zenkqubo yesixhobo, ukuba intsholongwane ihlala ikwisigaba sokuqala, ngelishwa iya kuyivelisa kwangoko kwaye ngokungakhathali xa uvula ikhompyuter kwakhona.
5- Intsholongwane yePolymorphic
Ngokuka-Symantec, umphuhlisi wekhompyuter wekhompyuter, iintsholongwane ze-polymorphic zezinye zeentsholongwane eziyingozi ekunzima ukuzibona okanye ukuzisusa ziinkqubo ze-antivirus. Inkampani ithi iinkampani ze-antivirus kufuneka "zichithe iintsuku okanye iinyanga ukwenza iinkqubo ezichanekileyo zokubamba iipolymorphic."
Kodwa kutheni kunzima ukuphelisa intsholongwane ye-polymorphic? Isingqinisiso sisegameni laso ngqo.Isoftware yeAntivirus inokubeka uluhlu olunye kuphela kolu hlobo lwentsholongwane, kodwa intsholongwane ye-polymorphic iyalutshintsha utyikityo lwayo (ipatheni yokubini) ngalo lonke ixesha iphinda-phinda, nakwisoftware ye-antivirus inokuphambana kuba intsholongwane ye-polymorphic inokubaleka ngokulula kuluhlu lwabamnyama.
6- Bhala ngaphezulu iNtsholongwane
Intsholongwane yokuchwetheza yenye yeentsholongwane eziphazamisayo phaya.
Intsholongwane yokubhala yenye yeentsholongwane eziphazamisayo phaya, nokuba ayiyongozi kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho iphela.
Kungenxa yokuba iya kucima imixholo yayo nayiphi na ifayile eyosulelekileyo, ekuphela kwendlela yokususa intsholongwane kukususa ifayile, yiyo loo nto ulahle konke okuqulathiweyo kwaye inokuchaphazela zombini iifayile ezimeleyo kunye nesiqwenga sonke sesoftware. .
Ngokwesiqhelo chwetheza iintsholongwane ezifihliweyo kwaye zisasazwe nge-imeyile, ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumanisa umsebenzisi wecompyuter ophakathi.
I-7-Spacefiller Virus - Intsholongwane yasemajukujukwini
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "cavity virus," indawo yintsholongwane ikrelekrele ngakumbi kuninzi lwabalingane bayo. Indlela eqhelekileyo intsholongwane esebenza ngayo kukuzincamathisela kwifayile, kwaye uzame ukufikelela kwindawo yasimahla enokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ifumaneke ngaphakathi kwefayile uqobo.
Le ndlela ivumela ukosulela inkqubo ngaphandle kokonakalisa ikhowudi okanye ukwandisa ubungakanani bayo, ngaloo ndlela iyenza ukuba idlule kwi-antiviruses kwiindlela zokulwa ubuchwephesha ezixhomekeke kwezinye iintsholongwane.
Ngethamsanqa, olu hlobo lwentsholongwane alunqabile, nangona ukukhula kweefayile ezisebenzayo zeWindows kubanika ithuba elitsha lobomi.
