Inthanete

Palo e kahodimodimo ea Transmission Unit (MTU)

Palo e kahodimodimo ea Transmission Unit (MTU)

Khokahanong ea marang-rang ea likhomphutha, poleloana ea Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) e bolela boholo (ka li-byte) tsa PDU e kholo ka ho fetesisa eo karolo e fanoeng ea protocol ea likhokahano e ka fetelang pele. Mefuta ea MTU hangata e hlaha e kopane le khokahano ea likhokahano (NIC, serial port, jj.). MTU e ka ts'oaroa ka maemo (joalo ka ha ho le joalo ka Ethernet) kapa ea etsoa qeto ka nako ea khokahano (joalo ka ha hangata ho le joalo ka li-link tsa point-to-point serial). MTU e phahameng e tlisa katleho e kholo hobane pakete e ngoe le e ngoe e na le data e ngata ea mosebelisi ha li-protocol li le holimo, joalo ka lihlooho kapa ho lieha ho latela pakete ho lula ho tsitsitse, mme ts'ebetso e phahameng e bolela ntlafatso e nyane ho phallo ea protocol e ngata. Leha ho le joalo, lipakete tse kholo li ka lula butle butle ka nakoana, tsa baka ho lieha ho feta ho latela lipakete le ho eketsa lag le bonyane latency. Mohlala, pakete ea 1500 byte, e kholo ka ho fetisisa e lumelloang ke Ethernet marang-rang (ka hona boholo ba inthanete), e ne e ka tlama modem ea 14.4k bakeng sa motsotsoana o le mong.

Patlo ea MTU
Protocol ea Inthanete e hlalosa "path MTU" ea tsela ea phetisetso ea Marang-rang e le MTU e nyane ka ho fetesisa ho "hop" efe kapa efe ea "tsela" lipakeng tsa mohloli le moo e eang teng. Ka mantsoe a mang, tsela MTU ke boholo bo boholo ba pakete bo fetang tseleng ena ntle le ho arohana.

RFC 1191 e hlalosa "Tlhatlhobo ea MTU ea Tsela", mokhoa oa ho khetholla tsela MTU lipakeng tsa mabotho a mabeli a IP. E sebetsa ka ho beha khetho ea DF (Do Not Fragment) lihloohong tsa IP tsa lipakete tse tsoang. Sesebelisoa sefe kapa sefe se tseleng eo MTU e nyane ho feta pakete se tla lahla lipakete tse joalo ebe se khutlisetsa molaetsa oa ICMP "Destination Unreachable (Datagram Too Big)" o nang le MTU ea eona, e lumellang moamoheli oa mohloli hore a fokotse tsela eo a nahanang hore ke MTU ka nepo. Ts'ebetso e pheta ho fihlela MTU e le nyane ho lekana ho haola tsela eohle ntle le ho arohana.

U kanna ua ba le tjantjello ea ho bona:  Tlhophiso ea Router ea 2 WIRE

Ka bomalimabe, linomoro tse ntseng li eketseha tsa marang-rang li theola sephethephethe sa ICMP (mohlala, ho thibela litlhaselo tsa ho hana litšebeletso), tse thibelang tsela eo MTU e e fumanang e sa sebetse. Hangata motho o lemoha thibelo e joalo maemong ao khokahano e sebetsang bakeng sa data ea molumo o tlase empa e leketlile hang ha moamoheli a romella data e ngata ka nako. Mohlala, ka IRC moreki ea hokahanyang a ka bona molaetsa oa ping, empa a se ke a fumana karabo kamora moo. Lebaka ke hore molaetsa o moholo oa kamohelo o romelloa ka lipakete tse kholo ho feta MTU ea 'nete. Hape, marang-rang a IP, tsela e tsoang atereseng ea mohloli ho ea atereseng ea moo e eang teng hangata e fetoloa ka matla, ho arabela liketsahalo tse fapaneng (ho leka-lekanya mojaro, tšubuhlellano, litholoana, jj.) - hona ho ka baka hore MTU e fetohe (ka linako tse ling e phetoang) nakong ea phetiso, e ka hlahisang marotholi a mang a lipakete pele moamoheli a fumana MTU e ncha e bolokehileng.

Boholo ba li-LAN tsa Ethernet li sebelisa MTU ea li-byte tse 1500 (li-LAN tsa sejoale-joale li ka sebelisa liforeimi tsa Jumbo, tse lumellang MTU ho fihla ho li-byte tse 9000), leha ho le joalo melaoana ea moeli e kang PPPoE e tla fokotsa sena. Sena se etsa hore tšibollo ea MTU e kenngoe tšebetsong le litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa ho etsa hore libaka tse ling tse ka mora mabota a mollo a sa lokang a se ke a fumaneha. Motho a ka sebetsa ho potoloha sena, ho latela hore na o laola karolo efe ea marang-rang; mohlala motho a ka fetola MSS (boholo ba sekhahla se phahameng) ka paketeng ea pele e hlophisang khokahano ea TCP ho firewall ea motho.

Bothata bona bo hlahile khafetsa ho tloha ha ho hlahisoa Windows Vista e hlahisang 'Next Generation TCP / IP Stack'. Ts'ebetsong ena "Amohela Window Auto-Tuning e tsoelang pele ho khetholla boholo ba fensetere bo amohelehang ka ho lekanya sehlahisoa sa ho lieha ha bandwidth le sekhahla sa kopo, hape e lokisa boholo ba fensetere bo amohelang ho latela maemo a marang-rang a fetohang." [2] Sena se bonoe se hloleha hammoho le li-routers tsa khale le li-firewall tse neng li bonahala li sebetsa le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa ts'ebetso. E bonoa hangata ho li-routers tsa ADSL mme hangata e ka lokisoa ke ntjhafatso ea firmware.

U kanna ua ba le tjantjello ea ho bona:  Meriana e nkiloeng lipetleleng tse itšehlang thajana

Masapo a mokokotlo a ATM, mohlala oa tokiso ea MTU
Ka linako tse ling ho khethoa ho tloha ntlheng ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho hlahisa ka mokhoa o iqapetsoeng MTU e fokotsehileng ho software e ka tlase ho bolelele ba 'nete bo ka khonehang bo ts'ehetsoeng. Mohlala o mong oa sena ke moo sephethephethe sa IP se tsamaisoang ka marang-rang a ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Bafani ba bang, haholo-holo ba nang le semelo sa mohala, ba sebelisa ATM marang-rang a bona a mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.

Ho sebelisa ATM ka katleho e ntle ho fihlella ha bolelele ba pakete e le li-byte tse 48. Lebaka ke hore ATM e romelloa e le molatsoana oa lipakete tse bolelele bo sa fetoheng (tse tsejoang e le 'lisele'), e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea eona e ka jara moputso oa li-byte tse 48 tsa data ea mosebelisi ka li-byte tse 5 tsa theko e holimo bakeng sa litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa li-byte tse 53 ka sele. Kahoo bolelele ba bolelele ba data bo fetisitsoeng ke 53 * ncells byte, moo ncells = palo ea lisele tse hlokahalang tsa = INT ((payload_length + 47) / 48). Kahoo maemong a mabe ka ho fetesisa, moo bolelele bo felletseng ba = (48 * n + 1) li-byte, sele e le 'ngoe e hlokahalang e fetisang sekhahla sa ho qetela sa tefo, sele ea hoqetela e lefella li-byte tse ling tse 53 tse fetisitsoeng. Ka lebaka lena, ho phatlalatsa ka mokhoa o iqapetsoeng hore MTU e fokotsehileng ho software ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea protocol ho lera la ATM ka ho etsa hore ATM AAL47 kakaretso ea moputso e be li-byte tse 5 ha ho khonahala.

Mohlala, lisele tsa ATM tse 31 tse tlatsitsoeng ka botlalo li na le tefo ea tefo ea 31 * 48 = 1488 byte. Ha re nka palo ena ea 1488 'me re tlosa ho eona lihlooho life kapa life tse tlatselitsoeng ke li-protocols tsohle tse loketseng re ka fumana boleng bo hlahisitsoeng bakeng sa MTU e fokotsoang hantle. Maemong ao mosebelisi a neng a tloaetse ho romella lipakete tsa 1500 byte, ho romella lipakeng tsa 1489 le 1536 byte ho hloka litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng tsa li-byte tse 53 tse fetisitsoeng, ka sebopeho sa sele e le 'ngoe ea ATM.

U kanna ua ba le tjantjello ea ho bona:  Mokhoa oa ho kenya MTU ho zxhn h108n

Mohlala oa IP mabapi le lihokela tsa DSL tse sebelisang PPPoA / VC-MUX, hape re khetha ho tlatsa lisele tsa ATM tse 31 joalo ka pele, re fumana palo e lakatsehang ea MTU ea 1478 = 31 * 48-10 e nahanang ka holim'a li-byte tse 10 tse nang le li-byte tse 2. ea Protocol ea Point-to-Point e okametsoeng ke li-byte tse peli, le AAL5 e kaholimo ho li-byte tse 8. Sena se fana ka litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa 31 * 53 = 1643 byte tse fetisitsoeng ka ATM ho tsoa paketeng ea 1478 byte e fetiselitsoeng ho PPPoA. Tabeng ea IP e rometsoeng ka ADSL e sebelisa PPPoA palo ea 1478 e ka ba bolelele bohle ba pakete ea IP ho kenyeletsoa lihlooho tsa IP. Mohlaleng ona ho boloka MTU e ikemiselitseng ho fokotsoa ea 1478 ho fapana le ho romella lipakete tsa IP tsa bolelele bo felletseng ba 1500 li boloka li-byte tse 53 ka pakete moleng oa ATM ka theko ea phokotso ea li-byte tse 22 tsa bolelele ba lipakete tsa IP.

MTU e phahameng bakeng sa likhokahano tsa PPPoE / DSL ke 1492, ka RFC 2516: 6 byte e le hlooho ea PPPoE, e siea sebaka se lekaneng bakeng sa tefo ea 1488 byte, kapa lisele tse ATM tse 31 tse felletseng.

Kamora: Boleng bo tloaelehileng ba MTU e lokela ho ba 1492 .... ha ho na le mathata a ho bala kapa mathata a khokahano ea MSN e lokela ho fokotsoa ho fihla ho boleng ba 1422 le 1420.

Tlhaloso: Wikipedia

Ka litumeliso tse mofuthu

E fetileng
Phetiso ea lebelo la Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6 network cable
e latelang
U ka Flush DNS joang ho MAC, Linux, Win XP le Vista & 7 & 8

XNUMX hlahisa maikutlo

Kenya maikutlo

  1. lanmaster O itse:

    Hello, Kea le leboha ka sehlooho se molemo

Siea maikutlo