Tsananguro yakareruka yemambure

Chii chinonzi network?

Tsananguro yakareruka yemambure

? chii chinonzi network
Iyo seti yemakomputa uye zvimwe zvishandiso
Vamwe vanobatanidzwa pamwechete kuti vagovane zviwanikwa.

zvibvumirano zvemambure

Kutaurirana mutemo protocol ndiyo nzira yekuchinjana ruzivo munetiweki
Iyi ndiyo mitemo yesangano iyo network inoda kubatsira zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana
Kutaurirana nekunzwisisana.

Mitemo

Icho chigadzirwa chigadzirwa chinobvumira icho kuti chishande
Zvisinei nefekitori yaigadzira,
Iyo yakakamurwa kuita maviri marudzi:

1- facto

2 - nhasi

de facto (nenyaya) zviyero:
Aya ndiwo maratidziro akagadzirwa
Nemasangano ekutengeserana uye akakamurwa kuita:
1- Vhura masisitimu.
2- Iyo system yakavharwa.

Yakavharwa masisitimu:

Vashandisi vanomanikidzwa kushandisa zvishandiso kubva kune mumwe chete mugadziri kana kambani
Uye masystem avo haakwanise kubata nemidziyo kubva kune vamwe vagadziri (uye izvi zvaive zvakajairika mandiri
Makumi manomwe nemakumi masere).

Vhura masisitimu:

Nebudiriro uye nekupararira kwemakambani indasitiri, zvaidikanwa kuti
Kutsvaga zviyero zvinobvumidza michina kubva kune akasiyana vagadziri kuti vanzwisise
Pakati, inobvumira vashandisi kushandisa zvishandiso kubva kumakambani mazhinji uye zvigadzirwa.

de jure (nemutemo) zviyero:
Aya ndiwo maratidziro akave akagadzirwa nemasangano anozivikanwa ehurumende

((ekutanga mazano))

mutsara kumisikidzwa
1 - multipoint
Chete michina miviri yakabatana netambo yekutaurirana.

2- nongedzera-kunongedzera
Zvitatu kana kupfuura zvishandiso zvinogovera mutsara wekutaurirana.

((network topology))
Network topography:
1- Sarudza kuti makomputa akabatana sei kune mumwe nemumwe
2- Iyo (network topology) inoreva kuti zvinoitwa sei
Unganidza makomputa, waya, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti ugadzire network
3- Izwi rokuti topology rinodaidzwawo kuti nyama, dhizaini

Nzira dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzekutumira ndeidzi:
1- mesh (
2- nyeredzi
3- muti (
4- bhazi ((bhazi))
5- mhete (

Tichatsanangura imwe neimwe nzira muchidimbu.

1- mesh (

Iyo inoratidzirwa nenhamba yakakura yekubatana pakati pezvigadzirwa
Iko kune kunongedzera kwakananga nemidziyo yese iri mu network
Mukana mukuru weakakanganisa histological kujekesa.

2- nyeredzi
Nyeredzi yangu inonzi zita rechimiro chekuitisa kwayo
Pano tambo dzese dzinopfuudzwa kubva kumakomputa kuenda kune yepakati poindi
Iyo yepakati poindi inonzi hub
Basa rebhubhu kutumira mameseji kumashure kumakomputa ese kana kune yakatarwa komputa
Tinogona kushandisa anopfuura mhando imwe mune iyi network.
Izvo zvakare zvakareruka kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera komputa nyowani pasina kukanganisa network
Zvakare, kukundikana kwemakomputa munetiweki hakuremedze iyo
Asi kana iyo hub iri pasi, iyo network yese iri pasi.
Iyi nzira inodhurawo tambo dzakawanda.

3- muti (
Inodanwa kudaro nekuda kwematavi ayo mazhinji
Pano tinokwanisa kubatanidza nyeredzi-mhando network nekuwedzera imwe hub
Aya ndiwo maumbirwo emuti network

4- bhazi ((bhazi))
Inodanwa kudaro nekuti iri tambo yakatwasuka
Iyo inoshandiswa mune zvidiki uye zvakapusa network
Dhizaini yeiyi network ndeyekubatanidza makomputa mumutsara pamwe chete netambo imwe
Inonzi musana.
Iyo waya haipe chero kusimbiswa kwezviratidzo zvinotumirwa kubva kune imwe komputa kuenda kune imwe.
Pakutumira chero meseji kubva kune chero komputa pane waya
Mamwe makomputa ese anogamuchira chiratidzo, asi imwe chete inochigamuchira.
Kombuta imwe chete inobvumidzwa kutumira panguva imwe chete
Tinopedzisa pano kuti huwandu hwemidziyo irimo inobata kumhanya kwayo
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa munetiweki iyi
vanogumisa
Inoshandiswa kutora masaini uye kudzivirira kuti isaonekwe zvakare.

5- mhete (
Inotumidzwa zita nekuda kwechimiro chayo, nekuti tinobatanidza zvishandiso mhete
Pano munetiweki iyi, komputa imwe neimwe yakabatana nekombuta inotevera muchimiro chemhete munzira imwechete
Zvekuti iyo yekupedzisira komputa yakabatana kune yekutanga komputa
Komputa imwe neimwe inotumira uye inotumira ruzivo rwainogamuchira
Kubva pakombuta yapfuura kuenda kune inotevera komputa

Mhete dzemhete dzinoshandisa zviratidzo
Iyo ipfupi meseji inopfuura nepakati petaneti kuendesa ruzivo kubva kune imwe komputa kuenda kune imwe

Tinogona kugadzira mhando dzemhando dzakasiyana ,,,

Semuyenzaniso:
nyeredzi-bhazi
Nokubatanidza mahabhu akati wandei kune tambo yebhazi

Nzira yekuendesa ruzivo:
hutachiwana muoti

Iyo nzira yekufambisa inoshandiswa kutsanangura iko kwekufamba pakati pemidziyo miviri
Kune marudzi matatu:

1- simplex- isina-
2- hafu-duplex
3- yakazara duplex
Ngatitsanangurei mhando yega yega zvakasiyana.

1- simplex- isina-
Dhata inopfuura pakati pemidziyo miviri nenzira imwe chete
Kunge komputa-–> purinda
Scanner ——> Computer

2- hafu-duplex
Pano data rinopfuura nenzira mbiri asi kwete panguva imwe chete
Wepedyo kwauri ndewe:

3- yakazara duplex
Dhata inoenda nenzira mbiri panguva imwe chete
Zvakadai se: ((Isu takatsvaga paInternet - tinotarisa uye kurodha pasi zvirongwa uye tinotumira mhinduro panguva imwe chete))

((chiyero chenetiweki))
Ukuru hwe bashkat hwakakamurwa kuva:
yemunharaunda nharaunda
metropolitan nharaunda network
yakafara nzvimbo networ

yemunharaunda nharaunda

Munguva yakapfuura, yaive nenhamba shoma yemidziyo, pamwe isingasvike gumi, yakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe
Izvo zvinoshandawo mukati mepashoma nzvimbo senge hofisi kana mukati meimwe chivakwa kana akati wandei ari pedyo zvivakwa

metropolitan nharaunda network
Kufanana netekinoroji yemuno, asi kumhanya kwayo kuri kukurumidza
Nekuti inoshandisa Optical fibers seyenzvimbo yekutaurirana
Inofukidza nzvimbo yakakura inosvika zana km.

yakafara nzvimbo networ
Unganidza netiweki dzemuno munyika dzakasiyana
Iyo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:

1- bhizinesi network
Iyi yekubatanidza ndeye yematavi ekambani imwe padanho renyika kana nyika dzinoverengeka

2- wepasi rose network
Heano masangano akati wandei munyika dzinoverengeka.

OSI MUENZANISO

Vhura Maitiro Ekubatanidza Muenzaniso

(Vhura Link Sisitimu YeMhando)

OSI inoronga mashandiro akasiyana siyana anodiwa mumanethiweji kuita manomwe akapatsanuka uye akazvimirira mashandiro anoshanda
Chikamu chega chega chine akati wandei zviitiko zve netiweki, zvishandiso, kana zvibvumirano

Ngatitarisei kune aya ma layer:
1- panyama
2-data chinongedzo
3 - network
4- kutakura
5- chikamu
6- mharidzo
7- kushanda

Matanho matatu ekutanga - akatsaurirwa kuchinjisa uye kuchinjanisa mabiti uye data -
Chikamu chechina - chinoita senge chinongedzo pakati pezvikamu zvepasi uye zvepamusoro
Iwo matatu matatu ezasi - akatsaurirwa kune mushandisi mafomu uye zvirongwa -

Ngatitsanangurirei muchidimbu chikamu chimwe nechimwe:

1- panyama

kirasi yepanyama
Iyo ine basa rekufambisa dhata mumabhiti
Iyi dura inotsanangura magadzirirwo emagetsi nemagetsi
Iine tambo uye kadhi reruzivo, inoonawo nzira yekutaurirana pakati pekambo nekadhi re network

2-data chinongedzo

chinongedzo
Iyo inosarudzira kutendeseka kwedata rakapfuudzwa
Iwo mapakeji akapihwa kwairi anoenderana kubva kune yapfuura - panyama - rukoko.
Iyo inodzora kuyerera kwedata uye inotumazve iyo yakanganisa data
Mirairo uye data zvinotumirwa muchimiro chefuremu.
(furemu)
Iyi dara inopatsanura iyo data kuita mafuremu
Ndokunge, nekukamura humbowo muzvikamu zvidiki, uchiwedzera musoro uye muswe kwairi
(Musoro uye Vouter)

3- network Netiweki nhete

Inotarisira kugadzira iyo nzira pakati pekomputa sosi nekombuta inotarisirwa
Inotarisira kugadzirisa mameseji uye kududzira zvine musoro kero nemazita
kumakero epanyama ayo network inonzwisisa

4- kutakura

chokufambisa rukoko
Sezvambotaurwa, ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa zvidimbu zvakatarisana nevashandisi kubva kumatete akatarisana neneti
Iyo yakatetepa iyo inotamisa data uye inoitisa yayo yekukanganisa-yemahara kuendesa
Iyo zvakare inopatsanura ruzivo muzvikamu zvidiki uye rwunotora iwo mune inogamuchira mudziyo
Iyo ine basa rekuzivisa irisiti kubva kune inogamuchira komputa kuti iko kutumirwa kwakagamuchirwa pasina kukanganisa
Muchidimbu, inoshanda kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwununurwa pasina zvikanganiso uye nenzira kwayo

5- chikamu

Nhaurwa Yekukurukurirana
Iyi dura inosimbisa kutaurirana pakati pemakomputa uye inoongorora kutaurirana uku uye huwandu hwedata rinotapurirana
Uye tarisa mapassword ekubatana
Izvo zvakare zvinowedzera mareferensi poindi kune iyo data .. kuitira kuti iyo data itumirwe kana
Iyo network inodzoka kubasa kubva panguva iyo iko kumiswa kwekufambisa.

6- mharidzo

Mharidzo yekumusoro
Iyi dura inomanikidza, inogadzirisa uye inonyora dhata

7- kushanda

Chishandiso chekushandisa
Ndiyo yepamusoro kirasi
Inotonga kutaurirana pakati pekushandisa komputa
Izvo zvinobatsirawo kufambisa faira, kudhinda sevhisi, sevhisi yekuwana sevhisi

network midhiya mhando
mhizha ndiyo miviri yepanyama inoshandiswa kutumira zviratidzo
Inogona kugoverwa mumhando mbiri:
1-zvakanaka
2- isina kutungamirwa

((1-guded)

Rudzi rwekutanga rwakakamurwa kuita matatu:
1- yakakoshwa piar tambo
2- coaxial tambo
3- fiber-optic tambo

1- yakakoshwa piar tambo
waya yakakoswa
Inoshandisa inopfuura imwe chete waya yemhangura kuendesa masaini
Ine mhando mbiri:
1- isina kuvharwa twsted piar (UTP) l
Tambo isina kuvharidzirwa yakakomberedzwa
Inosanganisira akati wandei waya mbiri ine yakareruka chivharo chepurasitiki
Inosvika chinhambwe che100 metres.

2-yakashongedzwa rakamonyaniswa vaviri (STP) tambo
Iyo nhovo yakawedzerwa pano yakakodzera kune nharaunda uko kune magetsi frequency kukanganiswa
Asi nhoo dzakawedzerwa dzinoita kuti tambo ive hombe, inonetsa kufamba kana kufamba.

2- coaxial tambo
coaxial waya
Iine tambo yemhangura yakasimba pakati
Yakakomberedzwa netaundi yekudzivirira kwemagetsi inoipatsanura kubva kune yesimbi mesh fenzi
Nekuti mashandiro eruzhowa urwu anoita seanobata magetsi, uye anodzivirira pakati kubva pakupindira kwemagetsi

Ine mhando mbiri:
tinnet
gobvu

3- fiber-optic tambo

Optical internet waya
Iyo inoshandiswa kufambisa zviratidzo muchimiro chechiedza
Inosanganisira cylinder yegirazi yakakomberedzwa negirazi yakasimba yegirazi
Inosvika chinhambwe che2 km
Asi inodhura kwazvo
Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya inotangira kubva ku100 megabytes pasekondi kusvika 2 gigabytes pasekondi

((2- isina kutungamirwa))
Iyo inoshandiswa kutumira masaini pamusoro penzvimbo refu uye refu kwazvo
Kazhinji inodhura
Ivo anowanzo shandiswa kana cabling isiri inoshanda
Mukufambisa, senge nzira dzemvura..kana nzvimbo dziri kure..kana nzvimbo dzakaomarara

((microwave)
microwaves
Relay microwave uye satellite zviratidzo
Mune tambo yakatwasuka, nekudaro, inoda zviteshi zvekutapurirana kuti zviitise patsva zvakapoterera pamusoro pePasi.
Zviteshi zvinosimbisa zviratidzo uye zvobva zvazvipfuudza.

Asi pano tatarisana nematambudziko akati kuti atinodaidza
Kufambisa kwekutadza
Mienzaniso yacho:

1- kuderedzwa
Icho chiratidzo chekurasikirwa nesimba rayo.
Icho chikonzero ndiko kuenderera kwekufambisa chiratidzo kuburikidza netambo yemhangura

2- chiratidzo chinokanganisa
Iko shanduko muchimiro chechiratidzo kana zvikamu zvacho uye chikonzero cheizvozvo
Izvo zvikamu zvechiratidzo zvinosvika pakumhanya kwakasiyana nekuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine frequency yakasiyana.

3- Ruzha
A- Kubva kune sosi yemukati:
Iko kuvapo kwechiratidzo chekare mukambo chinoburitsa chiratidzo chitsva chakasiyana nechiratidzo chekutanga

b- Kubva kunzvimbo yekunze (crosstalk)
Icho chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoyerera kubva kune waya yakatarisana.

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